Back in the Middle Age, the consent to get married could be either verbal or physical. Sexual intercourse counted as physical consent. 
On the other hand, giving your word to marry somebody or offering a gift to that person, even without having a sexual relationship, would also lead to marriage.

Consent to get married

Persons related as well as godparents and godchildren were not allowed to marry each other in the Middle Age. Furthermore, the first interdiction could actually serve as reason to undo the marriage.

Impediments to marriage

In the Middle Age, Christians did not need to marry inside of the church: whenever they came to the consent over the union, they could get married anywhere. 
The difficult part was proving that the marriage had taken place though.

Christians marriage ceremonies in the Middle Age

Back in the Middle Age, divorce was not really an alternative. Furthermore, rules like being married to a single person at a time or being allowed to marry only a Christian were given high importance.

The marriage and its validity

In the Middle Age, one only needed to have reached the age for puberty in order to be able to get married.
Furthermore, the parents&#39; approval was not even necessary. However, rules like asking for your landlord&#39;s consent or marrying only persons from the same class were given a lot of importance.

Getting married as a minor of age

Even though strongly recommended to take place in the presence of witnesses, marriages in the Middle Age would often include only the presence of the two persons wanting to get married.

Witnesses and the marriage

The famous &#39;speak now or forever hold your peace&#39; did not use to exist in the Middle Age. 
This allowed for new marriages to take place, as past secrets would come up only after the marriage had been celebrated.

Stopping a marriage from happening

Even back in the Middle Age, some individuals were not taking marriage seriously and, therefore, the number of divorces was quite impressive. 
This would happen despite the declaration in the 12th century of the sacred character of the church.

Divorces in the 12th century

What age did people get married in the Middle Ages and how did peasants wed? Getting married in the medieval period was dangerously easy says historian Sally Dixon-Smith...

Impediments to marriage

Similar ideas to Impediments to marriage

The marriage and its validity

Christians marriage ceremonies in the Middle Age

Marriage statistics