They are chunks of knowledge that can be simplified and applied to better understand the world, by identify what information is relevant in any given situation, and the most reasonable parameters to work in. Mental models simplify complex processes.

Mental models 

<ul><li>We’re (sometimes) stupid: irrational, tired or distracted;</li><li>We have the wrong information;</li><li>We use the wrong model;</li><li>We fail to learn;</li><li>We go with what's easy over what's right. </li></ul>

 Reasons we fail to make the best decision possible

I was two weeks into my job at an intelligence agency on September 11, 2001 when the world suddenly changed. The job I had been hired to do disappeared. I had a computer science degree; I came from a world of 1s and 0s, not people, families, and interpersonal dynamics.

Mental models

Making Smart(er) Decisions And Avoiding Bad Ones

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The Ultimate Guide to Making Smart Decisions - Thrive Global

Mental Models and Making Decisions You Don't Regret

Avoiding Bad Decisions