Learn more about problemsolving with this collection
How to make rational decisions
The role of biases in decision-making
The impact of social norms on decision-making
Common Probability Distributions
The common probability distributions are:
- Uniform Distribution: It is a simple off or on distribution, where anything outside the given range is 0.
- Normal (or Gaussian) Distribution: This distribution has the same standard deviation in all directions. We get to know the average dataset value along with the spread of the data.
- Poisson Distribution: This is similar to Poisson Distribution but also has skewness, in which the variation tells about the spread of the data in different directions.
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Dimensionality Reduction
The process of reduction in the number of dimensions (or feature variables) in datasets is known as Dimensionality Reduction.
If a cube has 1000 points, we can reduce its dimensionality by simply taking the 3D data and viewing it as a 2D model. We can also remove feature variables...
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Bayesian Statistics
Based on the concept of probability, Bayesian Statistics computes and analyzes prior data to forecast the future trend. If there is a specific change in the present, the prior data will not reflect that.
Frequency analysis, therefore, is computing the likelihood of a speci...
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Data Science And Statistics
Statistics is using math to do technical analysis of data. Instead of guesstimating, data helps us get concrete and factual information.
The most widely used statistical concept in data science is called Statistical Features. It includes important measurements lik...
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Probability Distributions
In data science, probability is the percent chance that something will happen. A zero(0) in this case means the event will not occur, while the digit 1 denotes that we are certain it will happen.
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Data Reading On Statistical Features
A typical data set diagram (box plot) carries a lot of information.
- If it is short, it means the data points are similar, but if it is tall, it implies there is a lot of range and variance.
- A median (the line in the middle of a dataset graph) provides a more accurate reading...
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Over And Under Sampling
Sometimes if we want to compare two datasets, or classify datasets that have an uneven number of samples for different sides or types. Just by taking fewer samples (undersampling), one can even out a dataset.
Oversampling is a way to copy datasets to have the same number ...
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Other key differences
Data collection
- Python supports all kinds of data formats.
- R is designed for data analysts to import data from Excel, CSV and text files.
Data exploration
- In Python, you ...
Method 3: Missing Figures
- Not including the number of trials the experiment / research took - given a small enough number of cases, random 'by chance' occurrences can happen.
- Leaving out the Degree of Significance - the demanded level is 1% which means there are 99 chances ou...
Zipf's Law
Zipf's law is a mathematical probability that states that in a given set, the most frequently used data value (or word) is used twice as often as the next most common value. This is true in various statistical sets like income distribution in companies, internet traffic, phone calls received, and...
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