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The most simple form of begging the question: A is true because A is true.

Circular reasoning can also be a bit longer:

• A is true because B is true, and B is true because A is true.
• A is true because B is true, ...

Vasco da Gama from Portugal came to trade his country's goods in return for Indian spices. The French came and established their colonies in India.

Lastly, the Britishers came and ruled over India for nearly 200 years. After the battle of Plassey in 1757, the British achieved political powe...

The idea of a "true self" and a "false or shadow self" has long preoccupied psychologists.

• Carl Jung viewed the "shadow self" as our unknown, dark side. Jung believed that unless we come to terms with our shadow side, we will become its victim.
• Similarly, psychologist Erik E...