Polkadot is a network protocol that allows arbitrary data —not just tokens— to be transferred across blockchains.This interoperability seeks to establish a fully decentralized and private web, controlled by its users, and simplify the creation of new applications, institutions and services.Polkadot can transfer this data across public, open, permissionless blockchains as well as private, permissioned blockchains.

What is Polkadot (DOT)?

The Polkadot protocol connects public and private chains, permissionless networks, oracles and future technologies, allowing these independent blockchains to trustlessly share information and transactions through the Polkadot relay chain (explained further down).Polkadot’s native DOT token serves three clear purposes: providing network governance and operations, and creating parachains (parallel chains) by bonding.

Polkadot is a sharded multichain network, meaning it can process many transactions on several chains in parallel (“parachains”). This parallel processing power improves scalability.Custom blockchains are quick and easy to develop through the Substrate framework and can be connected to Polkadot’s network within minutes. The network is also highly flexible and adaptive, allowing the sharing of information and functionality between participants similar to apps on a smartphone. Polkadot can be automatically upgraded without the need for a fork in order to implement new features or remove bugs.

What Makes Polkadot Unique?

Polkadot currently has an allocation of 1 billion DOT tokens, following the <a href="https://wiki.polkadot.network/docs/en/redenomination">network’s redenomination</a> from an initial maximum supply of 10 million in August 2020. The redenomination was undertaken purely to avoid the use of small decimals and make calculation easier. While all balances were increased by a factor of one hundred, this did not impact the distribution of DOT or holders’ proportional share.

How Many Polkadot (DOT) Tokens Are There in Circulation?

Polkadot’s mass interoperability through a set of common validators helps to secure its multiple blockchains and allows them to scale their transactions by spreading their data across many parachains.The network uses the NPoS (nominated proof-of-stake) mechanism to select validators and nominators and maximize chain security.This unique validity scheme enables chains to interact with each other securely under the same rules, yet remain independently governed.

How is the Polkadot Network Secured?

Polkadot was founded by the Web3 Foundation, a Swiss Foundation founded to facilitate a fully functional & user-friendly decentralized web as an open-source project.Its founders are Dr. Gavin Wood, Robert Habermeier & Peter Czaban.Wood, the Web3 Foundation’s president, is the most well-known of the trio thanks to his industry influence as Ethereum co-founder, Parity Technologies founder & the creator of the smart contract coding language Solidity.Habermeier is a Thiel Fellow & accomplished blockchain & cryptography researcher & developer.Czaban is the Web3 Foundation’s Technology Director.

Who Are the Founders of Polkadot?

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The network has a highly sophisticated user-driven governance system that also helps to secure it. Communities can customize their blockchain’s governance on Polkadot based on their needs and evolving conditions. Nominators, validators, collators and fishermen all fulfil various duties to help secure and maintain the network and eradicate bad behavior.

<ul><li>Relay Chain: Polkadot’s “heart,” helping to create consensus, interoperability and shared security across the network of different chains;</li><li>Parachains: independent chains that can have their own tokens and be optimized for specific use cases;</li><li>Parathread: similar to parachains but with flexible connectivity based on an economical pay-as-you-go model;</li><li>Bridges: allows parachains and parathreads to connect and communicate with external blockchains like Ethereum.</li></ul>

Polkadot has four core components:

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