Leaders should be aware of a counterintuitive risk of trust: A strong emphasis on trust can lead to inertia, as employees might prioritize appearing trustworthy over behavior necessary for good, collaborative decision making. For example, in order to maintain a perception of being competent and trustworthy, an individual might withhold information or share inaccurate information when things aren’t going well.

Building Trust vs. Proving Trustworthiness

Trust is not a prerequisite for teamwork and collaboration. Research on teaming and collective intelligence suggests that if we focus on getting a few things right, new constellations of people can collaborate effectively before they’ve had time to build trust.Successful transformation depends on the organization’s ability to bring people with diverse competencies together to make high-quality decisions. Shifting attention away from creating trust toward information sharing, perspective taking, and effective turn taking can help organizations make progress.

Collaboration With Or Without Trust

Two things stand out as critical to collaborative decision making on complex challenges.<ol><li>In a fast-changing environment, you need access to accurate and updated data in order to make good decisions. </li><li>Being able to include new individuals and their information into teams and decision-making processes.</li></ol>

How Trust and Distrust Interfere with Decision Making

Trust is a vague term and has a vast number of definitions. To understand trust in regard to collective decision making, keep these two definitions in mind:<ol><li>In the organizational context, trust is most often defined as an interpersonal relationship that forms when a person shows consistent proof of competence, benevolence, and integrity. This kind of trust takes a long time to build and is easily broken.</li><li>Trust describes the intuitive and immediate feeling we get when we interact with another person, especially new individuals.</li></ol>

Understanding The Meaning Of Trust

Our intuitive feeling of distrust makes us more doubtful of the information brought by new individuals who haven’t had time to prove their trustworthiness. This puts us at risk of undervaluing important information that’s communicated by someone new and overvaluing other information.Feelings of distrust cause established individuals to challenge a new person in ways that they don’t challenge other established collaborators. Organizations that overemphasize trust risk triggering this kind of unproductive behavior.

Blind Trust And Distrust

Individuals naturally want to establish themselves as competent and trustworthy in the eyes of their peers and leaders. But it’s much harder for people to work together on high-impact, complex transformation challenges if they’re more concerned with appearing trustworthy than with effective exchange of information and ideas.

How Our Focus on Trust Drives Inertia and Poor Decision Making

<ul><li>New individuals hold back information, challenging questions, and out-of-the-box ideas in order to establish themselves as competent, benevolent, and trustworthy.</li><li>Individuals representing the old norm who are not experts in the area of transformation hold back questions and hide ignorance and knowledge gaps because they’re afraid to appear less competent and trustworthy.</li></ul>

The Unexpected Behaviours Of Employees

To maximize productive behavior and strategic progress when gathering diverse groups to solve important, complex challenges, leaders are wise to communicate that interpersonal trust is not a prerequisite for collaboration. This is important, as the inaccurate notion that “collaboration is all about trust” is deeply rooted.

How to Keep Trust from Getting in The Way

<ul><li>It’s vital to get the most accurate data on the table, even when that data is unpleasant to share. Everyone involved is responsible for creating an atmosphere where others can act with both candor and vulnerability when sharing their perspective.</li><li>Our individual willingness to explore and take each other’s perspectives is key to progress and effective decision making on complex challenges.</li></ul>

Data To Back The Trust

When leaders focus on getting the conversations right, groups often improve decisions and progress quite quickly. The experience of shared progress often strengthens trust between collaborators. It might sound counterintuitive, but shifting attention away from trust might be one effective way to quickly build trust in new constellations.

The Bottom Line

Leaders should be aware of a counterintuitive risk of trust: A strong emphasis on trust can lead to inertia, as employees might prioritize appearing trustworthy over behavior necessary for good, collaborative decision making. For example, in order to maintain a perception of being competent and trustworthy, an individual might withhold information or share inaccurate information when things aren’t going well. The author has spent over a decade making research on collaboration useable for organizations ranging from scaleups becoming unicorns to incumbents embracing transformation. He explains how overemphasizing trust can hinder collaborative decision making and cause inertia — and how leaders can strike the right balance between trust and progress.

Stashed ideas

When Trust Takes Away from Effective Collaboration

<ul><li>Visualize your earnings and calculate your net worth to make peace with your financial past.</li><li>Calculate your true hourly wage and keep track of your spending.</li><li>Make a list of your monthly expenses and categorize them.</li><li>Examine how much money was spent in each of your subcategories.</li><li>To keep track of your progress, make a wall chart.</li><li>Reduce or eliminate your spending consciously.</li><li>Increase your income to value your life energy.</li><li>To obtain Financial Independence, you must generate income from your investments.</li><li>Investigate and select your investing alternatives.</li></ul>

Key Takeaways From The Book

If you were held at gunpoint and had to pick between handing over your wallet or risking your life, you'd probably choose the latter. However, most of us unintentionally put our money over our lives when it comes to the daily grind. We're trapped in a loop of working to gain money so we can buy things we don't need, and we're sacrificing our actual goals in the process.Financial independence is the power to choose how to spend your time without relying on paid work.

We Value Money More Than Our Lives

You must confront your financial history in order to gain control of your finances. As a result, making peace with your financial past is the first step toward transforming your relationship with money and achieving Financial Independence.Calculating the money that has come into your life will help you develop a better understanding of your financial history and connection with money.

Confronting Your Financial Past

Add up all of your gross earnings over the course of your life. This sum should contain everything you've earned from your first paycheck to the most current pennies.Figure out how much money you have today: your net worth. Everything you own, from large belongings like your car or house to items that could be sold at a garage sale, is included in your fixed assets. Calculate your obligations, which include any outstanding debts, loans, or payments. To calculate your net worth, subtract this sum from the total value of your assets.

Visualize Your Earnings and Calculate Your Net Worth to Make Peace with Your Financial Past

Each of us has fewer than 9,000 hours in a year, most of which is spent sleeping. Time is, without a doubt, our most valuable resource. As a result, when you get up in the morning and go to work, you're offering more than simply your time in exchange for a wage. You're putting your life's energy into it. To put it another way, when you spend money, you're effectively exchanging your life force.

Your Life Force Is Money

Calculate your real hourly income by determining the actual amount of time and money that goes into maintaining your employment in order to determine your life-energy-to-earnings ratio.You’ll have a better notion of how much life energy your expenditure is worth now that you know your true hourly income. Start keeping track of every dime that comes into or out of your life to properly understand your spending habits. You may make spending decisions based on reality rather than what you think you spend if you become aware of your spending habits.

Calculate Your True Hourly Wage and Keep Track of Your Spending

You must be aware of how you spend your money. You have to break down your monthly spending into categories. Organize your spending in the most logical method for you.Example: Your monthly food costs, which include eating out and ordering in.

Breaking Down Your Spending Into Categories

Create a monthly tabulation that lists your subcategories after you've categorized your spending categories. Include a space at the bottom of the table to detail your income. Subtract your total expenditure from your total income to discover your monthly savings once you've put your monthly transactions into each area.Let’s say you spend $80 on publications you don’t read, and your hourly pay is $10. The realization that you spent eight hours of your life energy on the purchase may cause you to reconsider your decision the next time you pass a magazine stand!

Make a List of Your Monthly Expenses and Categorize Them

Take a moment to write in a journal about what you would do if you didn't have to work.Remember, there is no such thing as an impossible dream. And you'll be well on your way to achieving it by making simple changes to your spending. Access your spending by asking yourself these questions:What did you want to be when you were a kid? What would you do if you just had one more year on this planet? Have you always wanted to write a book but now make a livelihood copywriting?

The Hypothetical Question Of Livelihood

Examine the monthly tabulation to see if the amount of life energy you put into each of your subcategories corresponds to the level of fulfilment and satisfaction you experienced.You may find that you've felt so fulfilled that you're considering raising your life energy expenditure. If this is the case, add a plus sign to the subcategory. Mark a minus sign for the category where you felt little to no fulfilment. Mark the expense as 0 if it feels neutral.

Examine how Much Money Was Spent in Each of Your Subcategories

Does your life energy expenditure match your life purpose and values? Let's pretend you squandered 25 hours of your life energy on eating out last month. You may discover that this reflects your value for social time or delectable food; you are happy to spend the money. Perhaps you know that this outlay is the result of a bad habit or peer pressure; it is inconsistent with your principles or life purpose. To indicate your evaluation, mark each subcategory with a plus, minus, or zero once more.

Your Life Purpose And Values

if you were financially independent and didn’t have to work, how would you adjust your spending habits? Would you buy more or fewer clothes if you had the option? Should you spend more or less money on gas? In many circumstances, you may discover that your employment causes you to spend more money than you would otherwise.

We Spend More Because Of Our Jobs

The most vital technique for continuing success is to keep track of your progress.Making oneself accountable to someone else is a terrific method to inculcate a new behaviour. You might try informing a friend or family member about your financial progress.

Keeping Track Of Your Progress

Draw a graph to track your monthly income and expenses on a large piece of paper that you can display on your wall. Money is shown on the vertical axis, and time is represented on the horizontal axis in months. Start with 0 and leave enough leeway for your income to double while making vertical axis increases. For five to 10 years, the horizontal axis access should track your progress.Use two distinct colours to track your monthly expenses and income at the conclusion of each month. Then, make a link between the points and the prior month's entry.

Make a Wall Chart

Being thrifty may appear unpleasant or out of date these days. More is more has become ingrained in us as a result of modern consumer society. Being thrifty was regarded as a virtue by everyone from Plato and Socrates to American historical giants like Benjamin Franklin, Robert Frost, and Ralph Waldo Emerson.And you'll need to get used to the term if you want to achieve financial independence.

Being Thrifty Isn't Cool But Essential

Frugality is, at its core, about appreciating what you have. If you have ten gowns that you enjoy wearing over the years, it's fantastic! However, if you're a compulsive shopper who is simply addicted to purchasing clothes that remain unused in your wardrobe, it may be time to cut back on your spending. One has to intentionally minimize your monthly expenditure after you've developed awareness of your financial past and present.

The Meaning Of Frugality

Using your life energy wisely means consciously minimizing or eliminating your spending. There are several options for reducing your expenses. The most obvious is to stay away from the stores. You won't be tempted to impulse buy if you don't go inside stores. Unsubscribe from advertising emails, be cautious of marketing on social media and cultivate a general habit of buying only what you need to decrease the temptation to purchase online.

Reduce or Eliminate Your Spending Consciously

The 40-hour workweek is a concept that originated in Western culture.New production processes during the Industrial Revolution created a distinction between workday and leisure time. Working conditions deteriorated to the point where workers lobbied for a shorter workweek. Instead of being viewed as a time to relax, leisure has evolved into a time to learn how to be a more effective worker.Free time became connected with unemployment during the Great Depression. This Depression-era mentality still pervades Western civilization today.

The 40 Hour A Week Mindset

value your life energy and increase your income. Consider the following: Is the amount of life energy you're now investing in your career a reasonable trade-off for what you're getting in return?Getting the best possible salary in accordance with your health and ethics isn't about desiring more money for the sake of it, whether you're saving for grad school, supporting your family, or getting out of debt. It's all about ensuring a long-term future.

Increase Your Income to Value Your Life Energy

<ul><li>For many people, the idea of retiring early appears to be a privilege reserved for the top 1% of the population. FIRE, or Financial Independence Retire Early, is a burgeoning movement that proves otherwise. </li><li>FIRE supporters have gained some simple wisdom: if you invest your savings, your money will ultimately start earning enough on its own for you to retire and focus on what matters most to you. </li><li>The key is to accumulate sufficient monthly investment income.</li></ul>

Financial Independence Retire Early(FIRE)

Make sure you have enough money in the bank to cover six months' worth of expenses before you begin investing. This liquid cash is both your emergency fund and the money you'll use to cover your monthly expenses.Consider opening a savings account whenever you have at least six months of liquid cash in your bank account. You can now begin the program's eighth step: investing and tracking your additional funds.

Generate Income from Your Investments

Multiply your capital, or additional savings, by your current long-term interest rate to get the amount you can expect to get from a long-term investment.  Divide the result by 12 to get the final result. After you've followed the formula, put the result on your wall chart as a new line beside the lines that measure your income and expenses. Keep in mind that the vertical axis represents your money and the horizontal axis represents time.When your income and expenses grow more stable, you'll be able to estimate how much money you'll need to achieve Financial Independence.

Investing And Tracking Your Additional Funds

Your money invested will cause the line to curve upward over time. You can follow this trend with a light pencil to find the point where your monthly investment income exceeds your monthly costs. This is referred to as the crossing point. For most people, the point at which their savings equal 25 times their annual costs is when they cross the threshold. If you spend $36,000 per year on average, you’ll need $900,000 in assets to achieve Financial Independence.

The Upward Curve

You'll need to become an expert in long-term, income-producing investment now that you've calculated your crossing point and the reality of Financial Independence has become tangible. Financial consultants, shady brokers, and salespeople will try to sway your investment selections while pocketing a large commission. By empowering yourself to make your own investment decisions, you may avoid paying excessive fees to such middlemen.

Beware Of Shady Brokers

Rent from real estate or royalties from intellectual property, franchises, or natural resources could be part of your investment income.You can invest in low-cost index funds. ETFs, or exchange-traded funds, are index funds. Mutual funds that track the performance of stock or bond market indices are known as index funds. Index funds are a passive strategy for investing that diversifies your investments across a large array of trading activities, rather than beating the market or picking and choosing which stocks to invest in.

Select Your Investing Alternatives

Evaluate your financial history as well as your present financial condition before embarking on your journey to Financial Independence. Realizing that the money you earn from your job correlates to your life energy is the first step in changing your relationship with money. To retire early, pay off debt, achieve your financial goals, cut your expenditure, raise your income, and invest your money.

Closing Thoughts

Time, Money And Life: Attain financial freedom.

A fully revised edition of one of the most influential books ever written on personal finance with more than a million copies sold “The best book on money. Period.” –Grant Sabatier, founder of “Millennial Money,” on CNBC Make It "This is a wonderful book. It can really change your life." -Oprah For more than twenty-five years, Your Money or Your Life has been considered the go-to book for taking back your life by changing your relationship with money. Hundreds of thousands of people have followed this nine-step program, learning to live more deliberately and meaningfully with Vicki Robin’s guidance. This fully revised and updated edition with a foreword by "the Frugal Guru" (New Yorker) Mr. Money Mustache is the ultimate makeover of this bestselling classic, ensuring that its time-tested wisdom applies to people of all ages and covers modern topics like investing in index funds, managing revenue streams like side hustles and freelancing, tracking your finances online, and having difficult conversations about money. Whether you’re just beginning your financial life or heading towards retirement, this book will show you how to: • Get out of debt and develop savings • Save money through mindfulness and good habits, rather than strict budgeting • Declutter your life and live well for less • Invest your savings and begin creating wealth • Save the planet while saving money • …and so much more! "The seminal guide to the new morality of personal money management." -Los Angeles Times

Your Money or Your Life

<ul>
<li>Murphy’s law: Anything that can go wrong will go wrong.</li>
<li>Parkinson’s law: Work expands to fill the time available for its completion.</li>
<li>Paco’s law: Your spending will equal what you have available to spend.</li>
</ul>
Not true for all, but the amount of people who are struggling with getting a grip on their spending is so huge that there should be a law for it.

Murphy, Parkinson and Paco

Paco’s law is basically a way for you to pour a specific amount of something (money) into a container (a checking account) in order to ensure you only consume (spend) a certain amount.
Knowing about Paco’s law is the first step to not becoming a victim of it.

Spend Only What's In The Account

How do you know if you’re overspending?Look out for the signs:1. You save less than 5 percent of your income2. Your credit card balances aren’t going down3. Your credit score is below 6004. You have no emergency fund5. You’ve never made a budget6. You’ve paid an overdraft feeEven if you’re pretty good with your money, separating your spending can help you in two ways — boosting your savings and/or refocusing your spending in a way that’s more aligned with your values.

How To Tell If You Are Overspending

Set up two separate checking accounts — one checking account for all the bills and living expenses and one checking account for all the fun and bs expenses.• Fund each account with how much you need.• Separate your spending — only pay for bills and living expenses out of the bills and life account, and only use the fun account for the nonessentials in your life. This system only works if you make sure that you adopt this rule as a part of the operating process.

Set Up Two Different Checking Accounts

Once a week, give your bills and life account some attention to make sure that things look normal. For example, if you have a $1000 buffer, check in to make sure that you haven’t dipped below that buffer. And if you have, you can investigate further. You’ll also need to look at your fun account balance before you actually go out or spend money on non-essential purchases.Looking at your account balances is the bare minimum of getting your finances in order. In the health and fitness world, it’s the equivalent of not sitting on your couch all day.

Take A Look At Your Spendings

An ideal buffer is an entire month’s worth of expenses, but less can work too. You could slowly build up your buffer by adding a little bit more to your bills and life account until you have a month’s worth of expenses on hand.If you don’t have enough of a buffer, you might need to spend some time figuring out a schedule for paying your bills. Usually, you can call and have those due dates changed. Yes, you have to sit down and make phone calls and it’s annoying, but the effort is worth the confidence you’ll feel that your system is set up to work properly.

Pro Tip 1: Build a Buffer

If you’re going out for a night of fun, leave your responsible bills and life debit card at home. Do not tempt yourself with it. When you’ve had a few libations and you’re feeling full of emotion and want to buy drinks for everyone at the bar, it’s best not to have that temptation present.Remember: The quality of your financial decisions can be drastically improved by avoiding an environment where you will be tempted to make bad decisions.

Pro Tip 2: Don’t Bring Your Bills and Life Debit Card To a Fun Situation

The hedonic treadmill is a concept that says humans will keep relatively stable levels of happiness despite positive or negative events.There isn’t anything inherently wrong with growth and improvement or with setting goals, achieving them and then setting higher ones. But the constant drive for more can be damaging when you are not conscious of your motivation or of the fact that you’re even on the hedonic treadmill.

The Hedonic Treadmill

<ol><li>Step off the hedonic treadmill temporarily by choosing not to buy nonessentials for a period of time. Try 30 days, or if you’re feeling wacky, a few months or a whole year.</li><li>Create a list of all the things you want to buy. Feel free to go full nerd on it: Do research, make notes, make it a handsome list. Any time you want to buy something put it on that list. Then, make a rule for how long a thing needs to be on the list before you buy it — it could be 24 hours or a few months. Your mind will then get trained for delayed gratification.</li></ol>

Pro Tip 3: Two Approaches To Tackle The Hedonic Treadmill

This method of managing your finances doesn’t require technical skills. It’s not like dunking a basketball or dribbling one. It only takes your time and effort to get it up and running and then some more time and effort to maintain it. There is no reason to think you can’t do either of those things.it’s silly to fail at things that don’t require skill and only require effort.<ul><li>Effort is something you can control; you could even make it a habit. </li><li>Skill takes a lifetime of practice, patience and time — multiplied by effort. </li></ul>

Pro Tip 4: This System Only Requires Effort, not Skill

Want to save more and spend less? (Who doesn't?) Author and financial whiz Paco de Leon shares a quick, no-skill, low-effort system to start putting your financial life in order.

6 signs you’re overspending, plus 4 tips to get back in control

Trust is the foundation for everything we do. If we can learn to trust one another, we can make great strides in human progress. But if trust is broken, and we're going to rebuild it, it is helpful to understand its various parts.

Build on trust

<ul><li>Authenticity. If you sense that someone is being authentic, you are more likely to trust them.</li><li>Logic. You are more likely to trust if you sense real rigour in logic.</li><li>Empathy. If you believe that empathy is directed towards you, you are more likely to trust them.</li></ul>When just one of these three is broken, trust is threatened.

What creates trust

People don't believe that we're mostly in it for them and they believe that we are too self-distracted. With so many demands on our time, we often lack the time and space that empathy requires. Remedy: Identify where, when and to whom you're likely to offer your distraction. This is when, where, and to whom you are likely to withhold your empathy. In those instances, put away your phone, look at them and listen to them.

Lack of empathy is the most common trust-breaker

There are two forms of logic wobbles.<ol><li>The quality of your logic.</li><li>Your ability to communicate the logic.</li></ol>Remedy for accurately communicating logic: Instead of telling a story with twists and turns and then getting to the point, start with a half-point and give supporting evidence. This way, people can still access your ideas, but you get credit for it even if you get cut off mid-way.

Logic wobbles

If we hold back on who we are, we're less likely to be trusted, less likely to be given stretch assignments, less likely to be promoted, and so on. Remedy:<ul><li>Pay more attention to your authentic self and less to what you think people want to hear from you.</li><li>Set the conditions that make it safe to be authentic, then celebrate who you are.</li><li>Cherish it for what it is.</li></ul>

Authenticity problems

Understanding the pillars of trust can help to build and rebuild it.

Trust is the foundation for everything we do. But what do we do when it's broken? In an eye-opening talk, Harvard Business School professor Frances Frei gives a crash course in trust: how to build it, maintain it and rebuild it -- something she worked on during a recent stint at Uber. "If we can learn to trust one another more, we can have unprecedented human progress," Frei says. Check out more TED Talks: http://www.ted.com The TED Talks channel features the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes (or less). Look for talks on Technology, Entertainment and Design -- plus science, business, global issues, the arts and more. Follow TED on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/TEDTalks Like TED on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TED Subscribe to our channel: https://www.youtube.com/TED

How to build (and rebuild) trust | Frances Frei

<ul>
<li>Trust does play a meaningful role between success and failure of business ecosystems.</li>
<li>It wasn't always the final nail in the coffin, but it was relevant [enough] to send more than half to the graveyard.</li>
<li>Many of the failed ecosystems made the mistake of naively assuming that cooperation anchored on trust would spontaneously emerge between complete strangers.</li>
<li>When we examined the successful ecosystems, we found the following trust tools embedded in them.</li>
</ul>

The Trust Tools Of Your Business Ecosystem

Many of the successful ecosystems define very well who is allowed in and who can be kicked out of the platform for bad behavior. HopSkipDrive does access well. It takes the drivers through a strict background check before they are hired into the platform. They also have a zero tolerance policy, which is superclear to everyone, so drivers know they can be terminated if they are caught illegally using their mobile phones while driving.

Trust Tool: Access 

Trustworthy ecosystems formalize a relationship with all participants through contracts. If you've ever clicked the box "I agree to the terms and conditions," you signed an ecosystem contract.

Trust Tool: Contracts 

Successful ecosystems encourage cooperation through rewards, or by motivating participants to interact with each other in a positive manner. eBay and Amazon use reputation as an incentive. If you're a seller, and you have a good reputation, you can charge higher prices for your products.

Trust Tool: Incentives

Not forced control, but more like a gentle guidance, like an invisible hand nudging you in the right direction. Successful ecosystems shape the behavior of participants so the kind of cooperation required will emerge in the platform. Uber does control well, and it dictates to the driver the best route to take, so the passenger trusts the driver will not take the longer route just to make some more money.

Trust Tool: Control

Ecosystems who are trustworthy make past and present behavior visible to everyone participating in the platform. And that's the reason why you feel a pit in your stomach if you've ever booked an Airbnb with a host who is new to the platform and doesn't have any reviews yet.

Trust Tool: Transparency

How does the platform handle mishaps or prevent them from happening in the first place? Did you know that LiveAuctioneers, an auctions platform for art, collectibles and antiques, has a broad protection program that guarantees payments on the platform? That's an example of mitigation.

Trust Tool: Mitigation 

You don't need all the tools to be successful.  So how do you pick? It depends on the kind of ecosystem you design. If interactions among the participants are key, like in most social-media ecosystems, you will require a combination of access, transparency and control in order to be successful.

Trust Tools: Conclusion

TED Talk Subtitles and Transcript: Why do we trust some companies and not others? Using real-world examples, digital trust advisor Marcos Aguiar decodes this make-or-break quality -- and offers seven tools to help leaders design a foundation of trust into their business ecosystems in order to achieve long-term success.

Tools for building a business people trust

When Olympic athletes perform dazzling feats of athletic prowess, they are using the same principles of physics that gave birth to stars and planets.Conservation of angular momentum tells us that when a spinning object changes how its matter is distributed, it changes its rate of spin.Conservation of angular momentum links the formation of planets in star-forming clouds to the beauty of a gymnast's spinning dismount from the uneven bars.

Gymnasts and star-forming clouds

When athletes hurl themselves into the air to perform a flip, the only force acting on them is gravity. Since gravity only affects their "center of mass," it cannot apply forces in a way that changes the athlete's spin. But the gymnasts can do that for themselves by using the conservation of angular momentum.By changing how their mass is arranged, gymnasts can change how fast they spin. You can see this in the dismount phase of the uneven bar competitions. When a gymnast comes off the bars and performs a flip by tucking their legs inward, they can quickly increase their rotation rate in midair.

Gymnastics, a cosmic sport

Much of the beauty of gymnastics comes from the physics principle called the conservation of angular momentum. Conservation of angular momentum tells us that when a spinning object changes how its matter is distributed, it changes its rate of spin. This law links the formation of planets to the beauty of a gymnast's spinning dismount.

What do Olympic gymnasts and star-forming clouds have in common?

To be an effective writer it's important to understand who you're writing for and what your article can do for them, because you only have about 15 seconds in order to catch their attention.
It takes time to learn who we're writing for and what our goals are, so while you tackle on this journey remember to be kind to yourself while at it.

Know your Who and Why

"A fearful writer can never be an effective writer"
The reason behind that is because when people are driven by fear they can say anything without thinking about it rationally; they use soft language and lack conviction in their words.
The only way to overcome our fear of failure is to be able to accept full ownership of everything we write, perfect or not, because at the end of the day it will only make us more credible.

Eradicate Fear

An effective writer pays attention to every single detail from the headlines to the sources their referring to.
A lot goes into writing and as we go through life we experience more, learn more, and we become better thinkers. Alongside our growth, we also trian ourselves to have an eye for detail. Writing impacts our lives more than you think and it's a never-ending practice.

Pay Attention To Details

An effective article is an article that achieves its goal. When you're writing articles, that's the most important thing to keep in mind.

3 Rules for Writing Effective Articles - Darius Foroux

Studies show there is a group of people who live really good lives. They are happier, have more friends, are more successful, are good parents and community members. These people have varied circumstances. Some are rich, and others are poor. They don't share politics, race, or religion. What they do have in common is that they're concerned about future generations and work to make the world a better place. What makes them stand out is the story they tell themselves about their lives.

Living an awesome life

Self Improvement

Our stories shape the way we make sense of the world. It allows us to find answers to questions like: Who am I? What is right and wrong? What am I required to do?
Our stories allow us to edit en restructure the good and the bad that is bound to happen to everyone. The story in our heads guides how we will move forward.

Our stories are important

You have a story, even if you're not aware of it. Dan McAdams, professor of psychology, mentions that we can view our stories in two ways that can impact our lives. <ul><li>The contamination story: You can think life is great, then something bad happens and sours the rest of your life. Instead of moving on, these people relive this sequence and never learn from it.</li><li>The redemption story: Instead of a disabling tragedy, these people find value in the pain and feel stronger for going through the problem.</li></ul>

How to rewrite the story of your life

We can turn a contamination story into a redemption story by acknowledging the painful moments, then learning how to create a better life because of it.
Research shows those high in generativity felt special. They thought they had a gift or positive trait. Consider what you have to offer the world. What is your gift? What makes you special? Maybe you're a good friend or very persistent.

What you have to offer to the world

Most generative people feel they have a gift, but they're also empathetic. They notice that others suffer and use their gift to help them. Whose suffering has moved you, and how has your gift enabled you to help them? It could be something like, " I'm clever and helped my friends with their homework."

Recognize the suffering of others

People with high generativity don't question and debate the meaning of life every morning. They have clear values that they live by. You must make a decision before you can make a difference. What do you stand for? What offends you morally? For example, do you stand up to bullies? Do you feel it is wrong to leave someone with hurt feelings?

Moral depth

Redemption means not letting those terrible moments contaminate you but finding benefit in the negative and using it as something to grow from. What was a big setback in your life? What value or positive lesson can you take from it? How did it change you for the better?

Redemption. Use the bad for good.

Agency and communion are fundamental motives. It is how to get ahead while getting along. You can't help others if you don't believe in your ability to make a difference. Are you too focused on getting ahead or getting along? Do you need more agency or more community?

Balancing power and love

If you have no goal to work toward, no dreams, you may get stuck in a contamination doom loop, where you say, "I haven't... and probably never will." But the story isn't over. Ask yourself what are your future goals? What do you want to accomplish? How do you want to grow as a person and make a difference in the lives of others? Then act on it.

Future growth

The Redemptive story resonates with all of us. It's the core of classic movies, great biographies and Sunday sermons. Even People Magazine uses this structure in about 52% of their stories. The story of 'bad things happen to me, but good outcomes often follow' propels us forward as individuals and as a society. You have your own version of this story. Tweak it and keep on rewriting it. The way you structure it determines its impact on who you are and what your future will look like.

Look at your superhero story

So you want to make your life awesome? Research says it may be less about what you've done and more how you tell the story of your life...

This Is The Most Fun Way To Make Your Life Awesome - Barking Up The Wrong Tree

The origin of perfume is commonly attributed to the ancient Egyptians. They utilized scents to celebrate prayers and religious ceremony by burning essential oils, resin, and perfumed unguents.
This practice had several functions: to ensure divinities’ protection and benevolence and to convey messages and prayers to the dead, to purify the body and to conduct embalming ceremonies.
Over time, scents were not only confined to the sacred aspects, but they were also introduced in daily hygiene. Already at the time of the ancient Egypt there was an intense trade of spices, aromas and resins that were abundant in Egypt but also imported from distant lands such as the Middle East, Arabia and the Indians lands. From these trades were imported fine woods, scented resins, myrrh and incense that made up some of the main ingredients of the scents of the time.

Origins Of Perfume

During the period of the ancient Greeks, the perfume leaves its religious rituals and begins to accompany the everyday life of common people. While continuing to accompany the sacred rituals and key moments like births, weddings, and funeral ceremonies, perfume now also enters the profane sphere. 
Expeditions to the East through the Spice trade will then allow the discovery of new exotic and precious materials, facilitating an intense perfume trade all over the world then known.

Perfume In Ancient Greece

In Rome, thanks to the continuous conquests and expeditions, they begin to feel the influence of the different cultures and customs that become gradually assimilated.
<ul>
<li>From Etruscans seems to derive the habit of burning essences in special containers or censers, to spread the perfume during playful moments, dances and funeral rites. It is especially in the Roman Domus that the spread of fragrances begins to accompany daily convivial situations and banquets. But even outside the private context, access to Roman baths allowed anyone to wash and apply perfumed oils and unguents.</li>
<li>One of the most important innovations attributed to the Romans is the use of blown glass containers for perfumes. This material is odorless and easy to shape, so glasses could be made in different shapes and colors and perfect to contain the first cosmetics and scented oils.</li>
</ul>

Perfume In Ancient Rome

Perfume was well known in the Oriental culture, thanks to the reciprocal influences between Western acquisitions and Arab scientific knowledge.
<ul>
<li>In particular, amongst the Arabs was common to use fragrances for personal use, to accompany purification rituals or as an air freshener.</li>
<li>Arabs are also the inventors of the alembic and responsible for the diffusion throughout Europe of the ancient art of distillation.</li>
<li>From this area, many essential oils come from. The most common oil was rose water, used to perfume the house and to purify people in religious places, and prepare food and drink. Chemistry and alchemy discoveries allowed Arabs to export valuable raw materials around the world and thus control fragrance and perfume trade for many centuries.</li>
</ul>

Perfume On The Oriental Culture

From these lands, which were for a long time unknown to the western civilizations and provided with an exotic and mysterious charm, derive aromas, spices, silk and other precious goods.
<ul>
<li>In Chinese culture, those who emanated a good aroma were appreciate, so it was common use to apply pleasing perfumes such as patchouli and the so-called "Chinese Violet" or corded Telosma, which had an intense and very relaxing aroma.</li>
<li>In Japan the most popular scents were camellia, cherry blossoms and incense, also used in the West culture to accompany the sacred rituals. Around these aromas, Japanese culture developed elaborate rituals and traditions such as tea ceremonies and incense or Koh-do.</li>
</ul>

Perfume In The Far East

<ul>
<li>Perfumery art experienced huge progress in the Renaissance thanks to increased knowledge in the chemical field and the improvement of distillation techniques.</li>
<li>The New World and the India Way brought to Europe vanilla, cocoa, cinnamon, and ginger. These precious commodities were used by Spanish and Italian perfumers, who soon began to move to France as well.</li>
<li>During 1700 , a new "smell perception" is born, and it’s more delicate and natural. People began to be more keen to hygiene and to focus on seduction and ostentation, which brought to the growth of elegant glass bottles for perfumes.</li>
<li>The invention of artificial soda allowed to greatly improve the quality of solid soaps.</li>
</ul>

Perfume In Western Cultures

<ul>
<li>At the beginning of the 19th century, after the French Revolution, French society devoted itself to an unbridled luxury that made Paris a fashion international capital. Thanks to the trading's liberalization, a very profitable period of production of perfume began, loved by either the emperors and ordinary people.</li>
<li>In the history of perfume appears the names of boutiques and Maison perfumers still known today, such as Guerlain, Bourjois, Roger & Gallet, and Molinard, which often supplied personally royals and emperors.</li>
<li>Furthermore, chemical discoveries lead to the synthesis of particular perfume molecules that will enable the creation of innovative and high-quality fragrances.</li>
</ul>

Perfume In The 1800s

Modern perfumery began in the 20th century and was dominated by synthetic essences that give unique notes to fragrances and from the invention of aldehydes fragrances like the famous Chanel n.5. In Europe, as well as in America, fragrances become real artworks and original creations of couturier perfumes were sold worldwide.
The most famous scents of that era were called with evocative names that recall precise feelings, because now what matters is the message that is transmitted with them. The first men's Eau de toilets also come out: they were initially used as aftershaves, but only later they became authentic perfumes.

Perfume In The 20th Century

In 2000, the history of perfume came to a profusion of different fragrances that increasingly aimed at consumers trying to meet their needs.
Perfumery’s world soon becomes a global industry instead of luxury craftsmanship.
However, this trend is opposed by a new approach that aims to claim back a long tradition and the uniqueness of tailor made craftsmanship products. The same need for uniqueness is required by companies that today can no longer ignore the experiential and sensorial dimension. That is why brands are investing more and more on building a well recognizable olfactory identity.

Perfume After The 2000s

Tailor Made Fragrance | History of Perfume. Find out how today's most famous essences and fragrances evolved through history.

History of perfume

Writing a personal cover letter along with a resume is a good practice, but it is ruined if the words and phrases in it are clichés, heard a million times before. 
Words like go-getter or dynamic or self-starter sound vague and hollow. They may even mean that you don’t have any qualifications for the job to the potential employer.

Cover Letter Clichés

Being responsible, proactive, motivated or dedicated sound like great words to describe yourself, but employers prefer specific accomplishments and these general traits or buzzwords tell them nothing that they would find tangible or actionable. You need to show the employer proof that you are qualified and capable.
For Instance, if you write ‘team player’, have an impactful story behind that claim. If you claim to be an expert or are offering something unique, back up that claim with accomplishments, credentials or experiences.

Avoiding Buzzwords

Don’t waste valuable space by writing phrases like ‘I have excellent communication skills’ or 'I’m a quick learner’. This is not the 90s anymore.
Have a concrete example to pinpoint your skill sets, like the time you may have organized a seminar or some software or language that you may have mastered in record time.

Cover Letters: Ditch These Clichéd Phrases

Managers and recruiters prefer quantifiable statements. Let your career path become a verifiable fact sheet that has connections, stories, examples, and demonstrations.
Example: While interviewing for the post of a recruiter, don’t just claim that you have ample experience of interviewing candidates, but tell them the number of hiring drives you have undertaken, the cities or places you have visited for recruiting, and your selection rate.

Being Specific And Factual

Cover letter clichés are a surefire way to put your resume at the bottom of the pile. Here's how to avoid them, and what to write instead.

Bite-sized knowledge
to upgrade
your career

Rylee
@rylee_h

When Trust Takes Away from Effective Collaboration

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Rylee @rylee_h

When Trust Takes Away from Effective Collaboration

Your Money or Your Life

6 signs you’re overspending, plus 4 tips to get back in control

How to build (and rebuild) trust | Frances Frei

Tools for building a business people trust

Bite-sized knowledge
to upgrade
your career

Rylee
@rylee_h