Jokes in shows like The Office and Curb Your Enthusiasm were at first lost on many people, or the awkwardness was too much. Cringe comedy is a highly successful genre in film and TV, yet some people either don't get it or actively dislike it. What is less clear is how cringe comedy works and why some people enjoy the secondhand embarrassment or find it excruciating or boring.

Cringe comedy

Cringe is present in certain elements of slapstick humour, in that we laugh at someone’s humiliation or misfortune. But there's something noticeably different between laughing at Mr Bean and the cringe comedy of today. Cringe comedy gives a feeling of embarrassment when watching someone behave in an embarrassing way. The difference between slapstick and cringe is that slapstick feels more detached, where we laugh at someone. Cringe comedy feels personal, as if we live through their embarrassment.

Why we cringe

Humans are wired to function in societies. We are highly sensitive to emotions like shame, embarrassment, and cringe. Cringe comedy seems to exploit that awareness. We may enjoy it because it simulate unusual social situations and we witness the consequences without having to experience them. In this way, cringe comedy may strengthen a kind of defence mechanism against the cringe of our own lives. Those who experience greater degrees of cringe are more empathetic.

The science of cringe comedy

There’s a difference between experiencing cringe and finding it funny.We laugh at moral or social violations which offer no real hurt and are not happening to us. Cringe humor has to relate to our everyday lives in some way. When we laugh at cringe comedy, we reestablish ourselves on the right side of social norms or taboos. We know the rule and know when someone has broken them, and then we laugh to relieve our own sense of social anxiety.

Venting social anxiety

Cringe tell us that there might be more than one thing going on. Sometimes, we empathise with the events, such as watching a mild social faux pas - someone wearing the wrong clothes to a party. However, cringe comedy should be separated from contemptuous cringe, which involves an emotional distancing from the person you're cringing at. You perceive the person as embarrassing themselves, but instead of feeling embarrassment on their behalf, you feel annoyance and disgust at them.

The contemptuous and the empathetic

Empathetic cringe, where we relate to the situation, could be viewed as us mocking ourselves.A contemptuous cringe has a darker side. The producer or comedian may manufacture or invent contempt. For example, when we are invited to laugh at the weakness is "Screeching Feminists" are we saying that feminism is shameful?

When we laugh at something, we ridicule it 

Why do will some people find cringe comedy hilarious, while others will see it as boring rubbish? The answer is your life experiences.

Understand yourself and those around you.

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Psychology

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Movies & Shows

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Entertainment

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Society, Arts & Culture

Why do some people love cringe comedy while others can't stand it?

The beauty of a sandwich is that it can accomplish things a regular plate of food can’t. In a sandwich, bite after bite is preordained. Each one gets to be determined by the creator of the sandwich. Great sandwiches are made through experimentation. With some helpful tips from experts, you can craft a great sandwich at home so that your sad desk lunches will be a thing of the past.

Anyone can craft a great sandwich

It's easy to assume the more meat and cheese on a sandwich, the better. However, the key to a great sandwich is balance. It means sometimes holding back on your most decadent ingredients. <ul><li>For example, with the beef dip sandwich with taleggio, you have to be very sparing with taleggio because it's really intense and can take over the whole sandwich.</li><li>The temperature will also affect the sandwich. A hot sandwich needs a bit more protein because it cooks and melts down into the bread. With a cold sandwich, the protein doesn't change at all.</li></ul>

Less can be more


Texture in your sandwich can look like potato chips, handfuls of fresh herbs, or hard and soft cheeses together. <ul><li>Having some contrasting textures in the ingredients really elevates your creation.</li><li>A lot of that texture can be achieved by being conscious with layering.</li></ul> Try to layer stronger and subtle flavours between each other, and break up meats with other components. For example, layer one side of the bread with bacon, the other with pork liver pate, both sides are toasted and then everything else goes in the middle.

Add texture to your sandwich

The bread is the vehicle on the sandwich highway from plate to mouth. <ul><li>Softer, thinner bread is generally better for softer fillings like cheese, avocado, or anything that can be bitten through easily.</li><li>The more you pile things up, the sturdier the bread will need to be so things don't get soggy and fall apart.</li><li>Strong sourdough bread can be good for a sandwich that needs an acidity that's not upfront.</li><li>A heavily seeded wheat loaf works if you need more texture, though not crunch.</li></ul>

Consider the bread

Chefs squeeze lemon over sandwich components just before they assemble everything to break through any rich ingredients. For extra kick, consider a variety of pickles and giardiniera.

Add some acid

The recipe for a great sandwich starts not with ingredients, but with these essential sandwich-building tips

food

Food

How to Build a Sandwich That Belongs in a Restaurant

The minutes to hours after a nuclear blast are a critical window. The potential for radiation exposure decreases 55% an hour after an explosion and 80% after 24 hours, according to the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.Immediate actions during those first few hours, like covering your eyes or hunkering down in an indoor shelter, could mitigate your risk of death or serious injury. Here's how to protect yourself in a worst-case scenario.

The critical window

<ul><li>The best course of action is simply to avert your eyes. When a nuclear bomb strikes, it sets off a flash of light and a giant orange fireball. A 1-megaton bomb could temporarily blind people up to 13 miles away on a clear day and up to 53 miles away on a clear night. </li><li>Drop to the ground with your face down and your hands tucked under your body to protect from flying debris or sweltering heat that could burn your skin. If you have a scarf or handkerchief, cover your nose and mouth. But make sure to keep your mouth open, so your eardrums don't burst from the pressure.</li></ul>

First 30 minutes: Avert your eyes and shield your face 

<ul><li>Survivors of a nuclear attack would have about 15 minutes before sand-like radioactive particles, known as nuclear fallout, reached the ground.</li><li>People should look for shelter in the opposite direction of fallen buildings.</li><li>The best shelters are buildings like schools or offices with few to no windows and a basement for camping out. If there aren't sturdy buildings nearby, it's still better to be indoors than outside.</li><li>If you take cover in a multistory building, choose a central location and steer clear of the top and bottom floors. If the building has windows, stand in the center of a room. </li></ul>

First 45 minutes: Seek shelter indoors away from windows

The hours after a blast are critical for reducing radiation exposure.<ul><li>People who were outside during an explosion should shower as soon as possible, making sure the water is warm and soap is applied gently. Scrubbing too hard could break your skin, which acts as a natural protective barrier. You should also cover any cuts or abrasions while rinsing off. </li><li>Don't use conditioner, body lotion, or face cream after exposure to a nuclear blast, since these products can bind to radioactive particles and trap them in your skin and hair.</li><li>Blow your nose and wipe your ears and eyelids, since debris could get stu<warningtag>ck in these places. </warningtag></li></ul>

First 24 hours: Rinse off in the shower and stay inside until further notice

Here's what you need to know to survive in these extreme situations

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Science & Nature

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Learning & Education

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Travel

Survival Tips

US residents would have 30 minutes or less to find shelter if a nuclear bomb were headed their way. Taking immediate action could save your life.

Minutes to hours after a nuclear blast are critical for survival. Disaster experts explain how to protect yourself in a worst-case scenario.

People have long sought out pre-prepared foods with a long shelf-life; for example, Indigenous North Americans created <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0309174021001029?casa_token=OE9wEDn8nekAAAAA:RHLs_vYAOnCSPIrmJD8M_4bT9qHDYbD3zjzViVpXX24qus9UE36c9Bfr74tFeExsMSQKAbnuGg">pemmican</a>, a mix of dried meat, tallow and berries, which settlers later found useful for long voyages and military expeditions. Quick eats looked pretty different by the 1990s, when <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/food/1991/03/13/shake-up-in-the-diet-industry/dc9507d2-9e59-4de2-b544-c67bb2d317db/?utm_term=.1ee097393716">millions</a> of people were replacing meals with SlimFast drinks in hopes of quickly losing weight.

The Lure Of Quick Food: The Background

Online, you can find people who claim to have survived off of powder-based drinks such as Soylent and Huel for <a href="https://thehustle.co/soylent-what-happened-when-i-went-30-days-without-food/#:~:text=In%202013%2C%2024%2Dyear%2D,friends%20could%20buy%20the%20product.">weeks</a> (as Soylent’s founder, Rob Rhinehart, did) or <a href="https://medium.com/@Lewis_Grant/8-things-i-learned-eating-only-huel-for-6-months-ddad4bc42f9b">even</a> <a href="https://nextshark.com/alex-webber/">months</a> and <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/soylent/comments/c0ac9n/drank_only_soylent_for_2_years_got_sent_to_the_er/">years</a> on end. While neither company recommends this tactic, some social media users see it as a welcome challenge and hope their personal experiments bring compelling results, including ramped-up physical fitness. Regardless of one’s liquid of choice, decades of meal-drinking ushers us into unprecedented territory. Most people naturally desire a varied diet that provides a range of sensory experiences.

Surviving On Protein Shakes

Scientists haven’t fully grasped how our diet evolved nor what exactly transpires in our bodies as we munch on burgers or pick through salads. But research has demonstrated that the diversity within one’s meals, including aspects like texture and taste, matters for our health. Experiments <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195666321000878">have</a> demonstrated that we tire of specific foods and tend to move on to new ones shortly after — consider why you may have room for dessert after a heaping savory meal. Humans <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195666317309017">may</a> have developed this behavior to ensure proper nutrient intake.

Missing Out on Variety (and Chewing)

Researchers have observed this phenomenon, known as sensory-specific satiety, among <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4146395/">animals</a> and <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5532562/">children</a> (who haven’t exactly memorized the food pyramid). Choosing to turn entirely to liquid meals when it isn’t otherwise necessary means overriding our hard-wired instincts. While meal replacement drinks may come in an increasing variety of flavours, you may encounter a relatively similar consistency and miss out on the crunch and flavours from a wider range of foods.

Sensory-Specific Satiety

Eliminating that fundamental variety-seeking that we have is not a good thing.It has been found that liquids don’t <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-69504-y">make us feel as</a> satisfied as solids do. One possible explanation: “complex” liquids like smoothies and protein shakes <a href="https://health.clevelandclinic.org/how-long-does-it-take-to-digest-food/">leave</a> the stomach within 40 to 60 minutes — literal “fast food,”  while protein- and fat-rich solid meals can linger twice as long.

Drinking Instead Of Eating

Exclusively slurping on SlimFast or Soylent also means that you’ll miss out on the joy of chewing. As it turns out, chewing is rewarding even when food is absent — consider why some people tear through packs of gum. Most importantly, munching <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1391/htm">signals</a> the body to prepare for digestion, and longer chewing <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031938415300317#:~:text=Systematic%20review%20revealed%20an%20effect%20of%20chewing%20on%20food%20intake.&text=Increasing%20the%20number%20of%20chews%20per%20bite%20increased%20gut%20hormone%20release.&text=Mastication%20promotes%20satiety%20by%20influencing%20appetite%2C%20intake%20and%20hormone%20release.">might</a> even help us eat less.

The Joy Of Sitting And Slowly Chewing Food

Beyond feeling bored and perhaps hungry and disgruntled, what health effects come with exclusively drinking your meals? While weight-loss trials <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3322430/">have</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3471207/">deemed</a> months-long liquid meal replacement plans as generally safe under medical supervision, there isn’t much data on the safety of a regimen filled with newer drinks like Soylent and Huel (apart from <a href="https://soylent.com/blogs/news/a-dietitian-s-view-on-clinical-research">small</a> <a href="https://huel.com/pages/a-summary-five-weeks-on-a-100-huel-diet">trials</a> carried out by the companies themselves).

Unnatural Way To Intake Food

When drinking supplements, it may be difficult to get enough fiber, which helps <a href="https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/carbohydrates/fiber/#:~:text=Fiber%20helps%20regulate%20the%20body's,%2C%20whole%20grains%2C%20and%20beans.">regulate</a> hunger and blood sugar levels. Brands vary in their fiber content. The powders from Huel and Soylent offer a considerable amount per serving, while Boost and Ensure drinks offer little to none. Meanwhile, drinks in the latter category can contain extremely high amounts of sugar, which add up if you’re throwing back multiple per day. Drinking your food can also affect drug absorption, since thick liquids may <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554389/?_ga=2.185699489.968491278.1644862274-624627884.1644862274">delay</a> the dissolution of drugs.

The Missing Fiber

Liquid diets are also ironically associated with dehydration, likely because people forget to drink enough water and aren’t getting much from food (which <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5084017/">provides</a> around 20 to 30 percent of the H2O we need)

Drinking More Water

As much progress as nutrition has made, we don’t understand all the complexities of what’s in different foods. And although some brands claim to stuff all of the necessary nutritional components into a bottle or powder, this feat may not actually be possible. We haven’t necessarily pinpointed all of the compounds that make certain foods healthy, and how they might work together to produce specific effects.Fruits and vegetables, for example, have all kinds of phytonutrients that aren’t necessarily even defined yet.

This Is No Magic Powder

Some powders and drinks boast all of the necessary nutrients a body needs — no grocery trips required. But it isn't clear how drinking our meals might affect our health.

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Health

Can We Move Beyond Food?

Food-freezing techniques were one of the more important inventions in culinary history. First, a slower rate of freezing food was used, but it resulted in poor food quality when the food was thawed. Clarence Frank Birdseye introduced the quick-freezing method in 1924. He noticed a great amount of food spoiling when commercial fishermen tried to sell their fish to the market. This was due to a lack of insulated transportation and stores with inadequate refrigeration options.

The invention of food freezing 

While working with the indigenous Inuit, Birdseye observed that when the native caught fish in fifty below zero weather, the fish froze stiff as soon as they were taken out of the water. When the fish was later thawed, Birdseye noticed it was just as delicious as when it was fresh. The Inuit also preserved fresh vegetables by putting them in tubs and buckets of water in cold weather, freezing them for later use.

The indigenous Inuit first used quick freezing

On 3 July 1924, Birdseye knew he could use his freezing techniques and started a new venture, General Seafoods, in Gloucester, Massachusetts, a hub of commercial fishing. In 1930, Birdseye expanded his products to include other frozen foods such as peas, spinach, raspberries, loganberries, cherries, fish and meats. But it took time for America to catch on as refrigeration units were not adequate. By 1933, better refrigeration meant that 516 stores were selling nutritious frozen foods.

Birdseye sells nutritious frozen foods

<ul><li>In 1939, Birdseye started a version of the tv dinner - a single dish, not a complete meal.</li><li>In 1945, Maxson Food Systems created the first complete frozen meal for US Military aeroplane passengers. The meal included pieces of meat, a vegetable and a snack.&nbsp;</li><li>In 1954, a Swedish immigrant Carl A. Swanson launched Swanson TV Dinners - a roast turkey, cornbread dressing, sweet potatoes, and buttered peas in trays that separated into three compartments, keeping the food from blending together.</li></ul>

Frozen dinner

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Leadership & Management

Clarence Birdseye and a Brief History of Frozen Food

One remarkable ability of the human body is changing food into nutrients, allowing us to survive and thrive.
When we eat food, it ends up in our digestive system that is composed of several organs. The goal is to turn the food into nutrients.
<ul>
<li>Mechanical digestion starts in the mouth, where food is chewed into small pieces and mixed with saliva.</li>
<li>When this mass (the bolus) lands in the stomach, it is acidified and further pressed until it becomes a liquid paste called chyme.</li>
</ul>

The start of mechanical digestion

Saliva and gastric acid contain enzymes that break the chyme down further with a process called chemical digestion, where our body further breaks everything we eat into small absorbable molecules.
The bolus keeps being pushed through the intestines and broken down by enzymes and other substances. Other organs also contribute to breaking the digested food into nutrients, which are then absorbed through the intestinal villi and sent to the bloodstream.

Chemical digestion of food

<ul>
<li>Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): Our bodies need energy. We get this energy through a pathway called metabolism. ATP is the most common "currency" used to trade energy between cells. ATP is a small coenzyme the cells in our body use as an energy source in most of their processes.</li>
<li>The Krebs Cycle: The body produces ATP through a series of biochemical reactions called the Krebs Cycle. It starts with Acetyl-CoA molecules. During the reactions, the energy inside this molecule is set free to produce ATP.</li>
</ul>

The energy inside the body

<ul>
<li>The foods we eat are broken into three basic units: carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. They form the macronutrients.</li>
<li>The macronutrients need to be further broken into simpler units that will be used to produce Acetyl-CoA.</li>
<li>There are three metabolic pathways: Glycolysis pathway breaks down carbohydrates, Beta-oxidation breaks down fats, and Transamination breaks down proteins.</li>
<li>The body converts fats, proteins and other substrates into glucose through Gluconeogenesis.</li>
</ul>

How nutrients change into energy

Glucose is the primary "fuel" that produce energy.
<ul>
<li>Fats are packed into small units called lipoproteins and stored as body fat for later use.</li>
<li>Proteins are broken into amino acids used to build new proteins, enzymes or tissues, such as muscle tissue.</li>
<li>Amino acids and proteins are still available to be converted into glucose or used as a source of energy through the Transamination metabolic process.</li>
<li>This glucose is stored in the muscles as glycogen.</li>
</ul>
While fasting, the body consumes the glycogen first, then fats, then proteins.

Storing energy for building

Electricity can light your lamps or power your appliances. But electricity needs to be produced first. We need a fuel that can be converted into electricity, such as petroleum (carbohydrates) that is converted into gasoline (glucose). Or solar energy (fats) or wind power (proteins).
We store the petroleum in warehouses (adipose tissue) for later use. The energy produced by electricity is used to build new materials (amino acids) and used to construct bridges or houses (muscular tissue).

ATP can be compared to electric energy

How does the body process the food you eat

If one can squeeze some time off from a day, napping is a great option to catch up on lost sleep, feel rested or increase alertness, as many famous daytime nappers like Albert Einstein or Leonardo Da Vinci would tell you. 
Napping increases our cognitive function, something which is required as we are forced to work in confinement, isolation and under increased stress.

An Afternoon Siesta

An afternoon power nap of 10 to 30 minutes are highly reccomended for increasing energy, and longer naps help in general body restoration and increased effectiveness of memory, at the cost of feeling drowsy when you wake up.
Drinking coffee before a nap helps us wake up without the feeling of drowsiness, along with more alertness.

The Power Nap

<ul>
<li>Napping helps our brain clean up excess waste products, or ‘brain junk’, providing the brain with replenished energy stores.</li>
<li>They prevent instability in the neurological networks.</li>
<li>Longer sleep which involves the REM (Rapid Eye Movement) stage helps in our long and short-term memory, strengthening new connections and motor skills.</li>
<li>Frequent napping may cause insomnia and high blood pressure in some people, so one can check how their body functions before building a napping habit.</li>
</ul>

The Reason Naps Work

Napping in the afternoon can benefits both motor skills and your ability to recall facts.

Napping in the afternoon can improve memory and alertness – here's why

<ul>
<li>A cappuccino is milky, foamy and equally caffeinated.</li>
<li>A latte is a shot of espresso and steamed milk with a tiny amount of foam.</li>
<li>A flat white is like a latte, but made with a velvety, steamed micro-foam milk.</li>
<li>A Mocha is a latte with chocolate flavouring.</li>
</ul>

Milky espresso drinks

<ul>
<li>On the days when you need something quick and strong, order an espresso.</li>
<li>Or a doppio espresso which is a double shot.</li>
<li>If you want the strength of espresso but with less liquid, order a ristretto.</li>
<li>If you want a weaker espresso, order a macchiato. It will come with a topping of foamed milk.</li>
</ul>

For straight espresso drinks

<ul>
<li>A pour-over method is used in many high-end coffee shops. It's slowly brewed coffee.</li>
<li>If you prefer a heavier flavour, the French press is brewed for about three minutes and could be your order of choice.</li>
<li>For the super bold, the red-eye is coffee served with a shot of espresso in it.</li>
</ul>

Brewed coffee drinks

How To Order The Coffee Drink You Want Without Sounding Like A Tool

In 1806, Napoleon tried to stop British commerce in an attempt to win the Napoleonic wars.
His actions resulted in a continental blockade which caused the cost of chocolate to rise steeply. But the creative chocolatiers of northern Italy started adding chopped hazelnuts to chocolate to make supplies last longer. They named it 'gianduia'.

Nutella's roots traced to Napoleon

In the middle 1900s, chocolate became expensive again due to rationing in Europe during World War II. In 1946, Italian pastry maker Pietro Ferrero added hazelnut once more and created Pasta Gianduja, renamed 'Nutella' in 1964.
It's popularity increased sharply, and it became a popular luxury for Italians. It led to Ferrero (now a global company) having an annual turnover of £6.5bn.

Nutella - the epitome of a 'pop lux'

Apart from sugar and fat, Nutella is rich in chocolate. Chocolate contains addictive substances such as tryptophan and phenylethylamine. This causes feelings of excitement and attraction.
American blogger Sara Rosso established World Nutella day on 5th February 2007. It became a global phenomenon. Ferrero took ownership of this holiday in 2015 to allow it to spread further.

Nutella: the addictiveness lies in its ingredients

What makes Nutella so irresistible?

<ul>
<li>Many different civilizations have practiced different breathing techniques as a part of their culture and their lifestyles, such as Taoists and Hindus. </li>
<li>Proper breathing allows the bodily functions, mental health, and overall well-being to perform better. It is the focal point to distract the self's attention from negative thoughts. </li>
<li>Breathing is the lowest common denominator in calming the body and the mind.</li>
</ul>

The Importance Of Breathing Techniques

<ul>
<li>The power of breathing is evident with people who have breathing disorders. As emotions affect our well-being, so does our breathing.</li>
<li>Our parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems are in control of producing feelings of calmness and the latter, the body's rapid involuntary response to stressful situations.</li>
<li>Many studies have confirmed the effects of breathing techniques against anxiety, stress, and insomnia. Although they do not disappear entirely, it helps alleviate their symptoms.</li>
</ul>

The Special Power Of Breathing

<ul>
<li>It is a popular technique that promotes relaxation by coordinating our breathing, slowly and steadily, with our heart rate, stabilizing the heartbeat.</li>
<li>There are many versions to cardiac coherence: 5-second inhale-exhale for a 5-minute repetition or 4-second inhale 6-second exhale cycle. </li>
<li>Cardiac coherence’s stabilization of the heartbeat can dampen anxiety powerfully.</li>
</ul>

Cardiac Coherence

<ul>
<li>Breathing techniques have an influence over our attention, wakefulness, and anxiety. </li>
<li>They help ease stress and other negative emotions.</li>
<li>They have a profound impact on our physiological health including respiratory issues or mental well-being.</li>
</ul>
You can use them on occasions such as:
<ul>
<li>When you are nervous or stressing out </li>
<li>When insomnia strikes</li>
<li>To relieve chronic anxiety</li>
<li>To counter minor physical tension from stressful situations</li>
<li>During the pleasurable moments and for enjoyment.</li>
</ul>

Effects Of Breathing Techniques And When To Use Them

<ol>
<li>Stand Up Straight - Good posture enables your body to breathe properly on its own</li>
<li>Follow Your Breath - This focuses on the motions and movements of each inhale and exhale flowing through the body</li>
<li>Abdominal Breathing - This is through breathing with your stomach and chest</li>
<li>Rhythmic Breathing - Often recommended for anxiety patients</li>
<li>Alternate Nostrils - This is breathing through the nostrils alternately in rhythm </li>
<li>Think Reassuring Thoughts While Breathing - You inhale the good, exhale the bad.</li>
</ol>

Six Techniques for Relieving Stress

Scientific American is the essential guide to the most awe-inspiring advances in science and technology, explaining how they change our understanding of the world and shape our lives.

Why do some people love cringe comedy while others can't stand it?

How to Build a Sandwich That Belongs in a Restaurant

Minutes to hours after a nuclear blast are critical for survival. Disaster experts explain how to protect yourself in a worst-case scenario.

Can We Move Beyond Food?

Clarence Birdseye and a Brief History of Frozen Food

Sarah