<ul><li>Incidental learning is learning that happens unintentionally from activities. For example, when someone plays a sport for fun but ends up improving their skills over time.</li><li>Intentional learning happens due to activities where learning is a deliberate and primary goal.</li></ul> Neither type of learning is inherently better. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages and may be useful for different people under different circumstances.

Incidental learning vs intentional learning

<ul><li>Instead of using flashcards, someone learns new vocabulary words by watching TV in a foreign language for fun.</li><li>A toddler who touches something hot out of curiosity learns that it hurts to do so.</li><li>A kid who plays with other kids for fun learns social skills incidentally.</li><li>A teacher who interacts with students as part of the job learns how to communicate more effectively.</li><li>An athlete who watches competitions in their sport for fun learns how to perform new moves.</li><li>An entrepreneur who reads a fiction book to relax learns new ways to improve their business.</li></ul>

Examples of incidental learning

The defining characteristic of incidental learning is the lack of intention to learn. Ways incidental learning can vary. Incidental learning depends on:<ul><li>Whether learners are motivated to learn.</li><li>Whether learners are aware of the learning.</li><li>Whether other people such as parents or teachers are aware of the learning.</li><li>Whether other people are guiding the learning by providing encouragement or asking questions.</li></ul>

Characteristics of incidental learning

Benefits of incidental learning:<ul><li>It can be more effective, for example, if someone avoids intentional learning because they lack confidence in their ability to learn.</li><li>It can be more efficient. For example, someone could learn something quickly and automatically through their daily routine instead of intentionally spending time and effort learning it.</li><li>It can be more enjoyable. For example, playing Scrabble is more enjoyable for learning to spell than memorising lists.</li></ul> There are also situations where incidental learning is ineffective, such as learning specific concepts for an exam.

Benefits and drawbacks of incidental learning

You can use incidental learning by placing yourself in situations where you can learn without actively trying to learn. For example, if you want to learn a new language but a course bores you, engage in activities such as video games and watching TV shows without actively trying to learn.

How to learn incidentally

<ul><li>Teach people directly. If someone can learn something but don't try to do so intentionally, simply teach them what they need to know.</li><li>Help people engage in incidental learning. Ask guided questions to help someone in a situation to think through what's happening.</li><li>Drive people to situations where they can engage in incidental learning. If you want to help someone grow their vocabulary, encourage them to read or read intention-grabbing books to them.</li><li>Prompt people to engage in incidental learning. Explain to someone what incidental learning is, why it’s beneficial, and how they can engage in it.</li></ul>

How to promote incidental learning in others

<ul><li>Reverse psychology involves getting people to do things by prompting them to do the opposite. For example, if someone is misinformed about something and won't listen to you, encourage them to find evidence that will prove you wrong.</li><li>Protégé effect, where teaching, pretending to teach or preparing to teach information to others helps a person learn that information. Encourage a disinterested student to tutor other students.</li><li>Combine incidental learning with intentional learning. For example, teaching key concepts after the learner learned something incidentally.</li></ul>

Techniques to promote incidental learning

Incidental teaching involves teaching individuals in situations they're not trying to learn, such as a parent reading a historical novel to their child. This form of teaching can be used in various situations, for example, as a naturalistic language intervention through adult-child interactions, such as play. Incidental learning is also used to help autistic people improve their social skills.

Incidental teaching

philosophy

Philosophy

education

Learning & Education

Learning Without Trying to Learn – Effectiviology

Money is the biggest cause of stress in the United States, according to the American Psychological Association.You can also find that back in medical statistics. 75% to 90% of all doctor’s office visits are for stress-related ailments and complaints including chest pain, headaches, high blood pressure, insomnia, and depression.Stressing over money will make you mentally and physically sick. Now, no one likes the fact that money is the most important thing in our society. But it’s the way things are.

Money Stress

Most people assume that more money is the answer.But simply having more income won’t solve your money problems. While we all want to earn more, there are deeper, underlying issues we need to resolve first.The first step to getting rid of money stress and living a healthier, happier life is to identify the specific reasons that are causing you to worry.

Causes of Financial Stress and How We Can Solve Them

Managing money isn’t something we usually learn in school. And if one grew up in a family that lived from paycheck to paycheck, it’s harder to make wise financial decisions as an adult.How you spend, save, get into debt, and invest depends on you. How other people manage their money is insignificant.Solution: Understand how personal finance works. The more you learn about money, investing, and wealth, the better you get at managing your own finances.

Cause 1: A Lack of Financial Literacy

So many of us have all kinds of big desires that are simply not realistic. Look, I’m all about thinking big. But you should never think that life is only good when you live big.It’s easy to get stressed when we don’t achieve our expectations. And in today’s world, everyone seems to have sky-high expectations.Solution: Focus on the process, not the outcomesWhen you set goals, it’s tempting to think about the outcomes first. Everyone wants to get in better shape, travel to nice places, earn more, and so forth.So simply focus on a process you can work on consistently.

Cause 2: Unrealistic Expectations About Life

Many stick to a job they hate because of the “benefits.” That’s how much they prioritize stability.So many of us are in that position. We hate our job, but we’re used to a certain lifestyle, so we need a similar job or income to get by.Sometimes you need to take a step back in the short term to grow in the long term. Solution: Focus on long-term quality of life.

Cause 3: Short-Term Thinking

56% of Americans can’t cover a $1,000 emergency expense with savings.Emergencies happen. It’s not a matter of if but when. Your washer breaks, you slip and injure yourself, a loved one gets sick, and so forth.Solution: Build your emergency fund, little by little. Saving is a habitYou don’t have to build your emergency fund suddenly. Try saving a comfortable percentage of your income today. It’s all about consistency.

No Emergency Fund

There are many things money can buy, but the most valuable of all is freedom. Freedom to do what you want and to work for whom you respect.Earning more is not the solution. More money entraps you, keeps you in shackles. Lesser money, but with more freedom is the key.

Earning More Is Not Enough

Stressing over money will make you literally sick. But simply not thinking about money isn't enough. Here's what you can do instead.

moneyandinvestments

Money & Investments

habits

Habits

How to Stop Stressing Over Money - Darius Foroux

<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">When implementing a UBP model, prioritize allowing for maximum usage flexibility and pricing transparency for your customer. </li><li class="ql-align-justify">Create the option for customers to commit to your product for an extended time period for a pricing discount.  </li><li class="ql-align-justify">Emphasize the benefits of UBP to your investors and get them excited about usage-based metrics. </li><li class="ql-align-justify">Don’t hesitate to automate financial processes when you are ready to scale.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Don’t let your financial team exist in a vacuum. Collaborating with outside teams will help your team do their job more accurately and be prepared for change.</li></ul>

Usage-Based Pricing(UBP)

Usage-based pricing removed a lot of friction for adoption.For customers, getting started is easy and with an emphasis on flexible usage, staying with the company becomes a no-brainer.Pricing transparency is also a huge selling point.

Removing Friction By Being Transparent

Answering questions about what the top line is going to grow to as new logos are added or as existing logos expand can be more challenging with UBP.

Manage Expectations for Predictability

<ul><li>Your product and platform's intrinsic virality gives your investors confidence in continual top-line growth.</li><li>ARR is the metric that communicates how Datadog is performing today.</li><li>Usage-based annual recurring revenue (UARR) measures usage growth over time with any vertical customer.</li></ul>

Sell Your Investors on UBP With Redefined Metrics

Financial processes need to clearly present different commitment and drawdown plans and track customer-specific contract terms.Whereas seat-based models can implement a third-party customer billing platform with relative ease, these billing platforms cannot readily account for all the features.

Automate Financial Processes to Scale

<ul><li>Pricing will change with a UBP model.</li><li>The finance team has to be able to adapt and move as these new insights arrive.</li><li>Take proactive measures to understand potential changes and prepare your teams for them.</li></ul>

What The Finance Team Needs To Do

I joined Datadog as VP Finance back in 2015 when the company was still very small. Back then, the company had about 100 employees, was making around $20

business

Business

Implementing Usage-Based Pricing: What Your Financial Teams Need to Know - OpenView

Money can’t buy happiness, but the absence of money can cause unhappiness. Money buys freedom: intellectual freedom, freedom to choose who you vote for, to choose what you want to do professionally. But having “f*ck you” money requires a huge amount of discipline. The minute you go a penny over, then you lose your freedom again. If money is the cause of your worry, then you have to restructure your life.

We tend to picture "f*ck you" money as a minimum hurdle. What's your "f*ck you" money amount?$100K? 1M? $5M? $100M? Everybody has a different answer."F*ck you" money, in our heads, is a singular point. Once we cross it, life's problems melt away. When you have X amount of money, you can say "no" to things that you don't want to do. Nobody owns you. Your life is wholly yours. You have the ultimate degree of freedom.

What We Believe Is F-U Money

The reality isn't filled with straight lines that we can extrapolate forever. Reality is messy, full of nuance. The reality of "f*ck you" money isn't a singular point to cross, but a range to stay between. A dollar too much, and you descend back below that threshold. The formula is reversed, and additional wealth comes at the expense of additional freedom. Sure, you might be "rich" financially, but you don't have "f*ck you" money.

What F-U Money Really Is

<ul><li>A small increase in wealth leads to a massive increase in happiness when you have little, and massive increases in wealth hardly move the bar as net worth increases.</li><li>Poverty puts your destiny in the hand of circumstances that you often have no control over because poverty doesn't allow you any financial flexibility.</li><li>Poverty keeps individuals trapped in dead-end jobs because they can't afford to leave and look for something new. Poverty turns medical emergencies into financial catastrophes. </li></ul>

Being Poor Sucks

As your income grows, outside circumstances lose their grip on your life. If you have $50,000 saved up, you can weather seven months of unemployment, afford to repair your truck's transmission, and cover emergency medical expenses.If you have $50,000 saved up, you can quit your job and take a leap of faith to try something new.If you have $50,000 saved up, you have options.

Some Saved Money Helps With Options

Did billions of dollars make Elon Musk miserable? Did Warren Buffett, Bill Gates, and Jeff Bezos suffer failed marriages because of their $100B net worths? Not necessarily. However, the traits that made them so successful both financially and professionally have also made the other aspects of their lives a living hell.No one is superman, and we are all limited by time and energy. If you invest maximum effort into your career, your personal life has no choice but to suffer.

Being (Too) Rich Can Also Suck

Life is defined by opportunity costs. The opportunity cost of reaching the pinnacle of professional success is often a lacklustre family life. It's not necessarily that money destroys relationships, but the dedicated effort needed to achieve this success comes at the expense of other (often family) aspects of one's life.A singular drive to succeed professionally often yields a life where one's only success is in their profession.But it's not just the opportunity costs associated with the success that plague the ultra-rich, it's the magnification of every aspect of their lives.

No One Can Have It All: Understanding Opportunity Costs

Past a certain point, freedom of speech is a casualty of personal success.Money affects the dynamics of one's interpersonal relationships as well:<ul><li>When you are rich, new "friends" that seem genuine pitch you investment ideas four months into the "friendship". </li><li>Your dating life is compromised by bad actors that are more concerned with your wallet than your personality. </li><li>Family members come out of the woodwork asking for financial help.</li><li>Your private life quickly becomes a public life as your wealth and fame balloon. </li></ul>

The Loss Of Freedom And Genuine Relationships

If you are "publicly rich" (think athletes, authors, movie stars, politicians, etc.), you no longer have a private life. Everyone wants a piece of the public figure, for better or worse.If you are "privately rich", you still run the risk of sacrificing other areas of your life for the sake of success. You could have all the money in the world and be a prisoner to your ambitions. What good is $100B if all of your relationships are in shambles? Money can't buy true friendship, camaraderie, love, or desire.

Being Too Rich Is Like Being In Extreme Poverty

F*ck you" money is pure, unadulterated freedom with no strings attached.<ul><li>"f*ck you" money means you can do whatever you want. </li><li>"f*ck you" money allows you to travel wherever you want, whenever you want. </li><li>It means not having to check your bank account before buying something that you want. </li><li>It means that you make enough money through activities that you enjoy to cover all of your expenses without having to go to an office.</li><li>It will mean that you can't be "employed", because you won't need to work for someone else. </li><li>It will mean that you, and only you, will dictate the terms of your labour.</li></ul>

The Meaning Of F-U Money

"F*ck You" Money

Crude oil prices play a primary role in setting gasoline prices. Crude oil is a raw commodity that is used to manufacture gasoline. The price of crude oil accounts for 56% of the price of gasoline in the decade through 2020, on average. Not all grades of crude oil are useful for making gasoline. Lighter crude is less dense and will make more gasoline per barrel than heavy crude. Sweet crude has lower sulfur content and more preferable to sour crude with more sulfur.

Oil Prices: The Crude Reality

Refiners need to be paid to distil crude oil into gasoline and add the required additives. In the decade through 2020, refining costs and profits accounted for 14% of the retail price of gasoline, on average. Seasonal and regional blending requirements and additives such as ethanol add to the cost. The price of wholesale gasoline also reflects supply and demand. For example, gasoline prices typically rise in the summer in the US due to higher demand.

Refining Has a Price

Once crude is refined into gasoline, the fuel has to be shipped to a storage tank, from where it will eventually be distributed to local gas stations. The gas stations require staff and maintenance. Distribution and marketing costs accounted for 14% of the U.S. retail price of gasoline in the decade through 2020, on average.

Distribution and Marketing

State and local taxes accounted for 16% of the retail gasoline price in the decade through 2020. Federal taxes and fees were 18.4 cents per gallon for gasoline and 24.40 cents per gallon for diesel as of July 1, 2021. State taxes averaged 30.63 cents per gallon for gasoline and 32.29 cents per gallon for diesel as of the same date.

Taxes

Consumer demand also plays an important role. U.S. gasoline consumption fell in 2020 during Covid-19 restrictions but has mostly rebounded. As of October 2021, 10 gallons of gasoline cost the equivalent of about 3.1% of weekly per capita disposable income, down from 4.8% in 2011.

Consumer Demand

Gas prices respond to crude oil prices, refining and distribution costs, and changes in demand. Discover what determines the price at the pump.

Discover the world of business and economics.

economics

Economics

What Determines Gas Prices?

Want to know if you’ve got what it takes to be a billionaire? Take a look at these 3 lessons and see how you stack up:
<ul>
<li>Billionaires are multitaskers.</li>
<li>Risk is relative.</li>
<li>Producers must partner with performers.</li>
</ul>

The Billionaire

Billionaires are extremely good at juggling multiple ideas, all the time.These are people with a clear vision, innovative ideas and the skills to bring the resources together, that’ll make them a reality. That makes them different from performers who are highly specialized, and usually very good at executing a particular skill, for example handling a businesses finances. Billionaires being multitaskers allows them to embrace some of the dichotomies which make them unique.

Doing Multiple Things At The Same Time

The fine line between too risky and not promising enough is hard to strike, but billionaires obviously excel at it. What allows them to only take the exact risks they need to take, and not more?It’s not that billionaires take more risks than the average entrepreneur – they roughly take the same amount of them. What helps them take better risks is their relative view of it.

A Different View Towards Risk

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg#Business_career">Michael Bloomberg worked as an investment banker</a> and got fired shortly after getting a promotion because his bank was acquired. Instead of taking another investment bank job, he used his $10 million severance package to then start his own company, providing market research data to big companies, which ballooned to over 15,000 people over the years.

Getting Fired Can Be Good

Being producers, billionaires must, however, partner with performers, in order to succeed.Imagine Steve Jobs without Steve Wozniak. You’d have an incredibly creative and visionary human being, with charming people skills, who couldn’t build a single computer.Likewise, Steve Wozniak’s incredible manufacturing and electrical engineering skills would have amounted to nothing more than a few fun gadgets and some pocket money, had he not teamed up with Steve to bring the Apple I to the world.

Producers Partnering with Performers

A producer usually has a the big picture in really great control, but thus can’t fully concentrate on the single aspects that can sometimes make or break a business, such as product manufacturing, accounting, marketing or HR – that’s why producers have to partner with the right performers at the right time in order to actually build the billion dollar business they have inside of them.

Partnering With The Right Team

Skills Needed<ul><li>Ability to dream and act.</li><li>Imagine what is possible.</li><li>Design to capture the greatest value.</li></ul>Design Considers<ul><li>Strategy and tactics.</li><li>Terms of sale and the deal.</li><li>Ownership and distribution.</li><li>Customer experience.</li></ul>

The Skills And The Design

<ul>
<li>Ideas – Empathetic Imagination: See the big picture. Come up with and explore new ideas.</li>
<li>Perspective – Patient Urgency: When bringing product to market, they’re able to work at multiple speeds and time frames, poised to seize opportunities.</li>
<li>Action – Inventive Execution: Execute ideas with integrative and inventive mindset.</li>
<li>Attitude – Taking Relative View of Risk: Perceptions of risk relative – they want to be a part of the future, more than they are afraid of losing what they have.</li>
<li>Leading – Leadership Partnership: How good ideas become great businesses. Producers are not alone.</li>
</ul>

The Five Dualities

<ul><li>Producers blend new opportunities within an old mode.</li><li>Having a blockbuster idea requires real immersion in a subject, real willingness to come up with many ideas, and the ability to suspend judgment of ideas that may seem odd or out there.</li><li>Blockbuster ideas begin with empathy.</li><li>Build products around the customer’s needs.</li><li>Look for opportunities and ideas to capitalize on present and future trends.</li><li>Walk a mile in your customer’s shoes to uncover their irritation.</li></ul>

The Producer Mindset

The authors researched self-made billionaires to find out what made them stand out from regular employees, entrepreneurs and even millionaires. This book puts self-made billionaires in one of two very distinctive categories of people, and observes the 5 habits, or rather dualities, that allow them to create value on such a massive scale.

Discover and cultivate the secret traits of self-made billionaires with THE SELF-MADE BILLIONAIRE EFFECT by John Sviokla and Mitch Cohen Imagine what Atari might have achieved if Steve Jobs had stayed there. Or what Steve Case could have done for Pepsi if he hadn't left for a start-up that eventually became AOL. Scores of billionaires worked for established corporations before they struck out on their own. People like Michael Bloomberg and Mark Cuban went on to build iconic household brands. Why didn't their former employers hang onto to these people? And why are most big companies unable to create as much value as the world's 800 self-made billionaires? Billionaires aren't necessarily luckier, smarter or harder working than the rest of us - and they rarely build something brand-new. The key difference is their mindset. They redefine what's possible - and they are critical to any company looking to create massive value. The Self-Made Billionaire Effect breaks down the five critical habits of massive value-creators, so you can learn how to identify, encourage, and retain them - and even become one yourself. It will forever change the way you think about talent and business value. John J. Sviokla is the head of Global Thought Leadership with PricewaterhouseCoopers. He is a frequent speaker on innovation, growth, and customer behavior. In addition to working with clients, John serves on PwC's Advisory Leadership Group and Global Thought Leadership Council. He was on the faculty of the Harvard Business School for ten years and has written for Harvard Business Review, The Wall Street Journal, Financial Times, and Sloan Management Review. Mitch Cohen is PwC's Vice Chairman. During his 33 years at the firm and 20 years as a partner, Cohen has held a variety of leadership roles and served numerous Fortune 500 clients.

personaldevelopment

Personal Development

books

Books

Discover and cultivate the secret traits of self-made billionaires with THE SELF-MADE BILLIONAIRE EFFECT by John Sviokla and Mitch Cohen Imagine what Atari might have achieved if Steve Jobs had stayed there. Or what Steve Case could have done for Pepsi if he hadn't left for a start-up that eventually became AOL. Scores of billionaires worked for established corporations before they struck out on their own. People like Michael Bloomberg and Mark Cuban went on to build iconic household brands. Why didn't their former employers hang onto to these people? And why are most big companies unable to create as much value as the world's 800 self-made billionaires? Billionaires aren't necessarily luckier, smarter or harder working than the rest of us - and they rarely build something brand-new. The key difference is their mindset. They redefine what's possible - and they are critical to any company looking to create massive value. The Self-Made Billionaire Effect breaks down the five critical habits of massive value-creators, so you can learn how to identify, encourage, and retain them - and even become one yourself. It will forever change the way you think about talent and business value. John J. Sviokla is the head of Global Thought Leadership with PricewaterhouseCoopers. He is a frequent speaker on innovation, growth, and customer behavior. In addition to working with clients, John serves on PwC's Advisory Leadership Group and Global Thought Leadership Council. He was on the faculty of the Harvard Business School for ten years and has written for Harvard Business Review, The Wall Street Journal, Financial Times, and Sloan Management Review. Mitch Cohen is PwC's Vice Chairman. During his 33 years at the firm and 20 years as a partner, Cohen has held a variety of leadership roles and served numerous Fortune 500 clients.

John Sviokla

Mitch Cohen

The Self-Made Billionaire Effect

Cloud spending can become a significant part of a company's IT budget, yet executives believe 30-40% of it is wasted.  There are strategies that can result in immediate and tangible benefits.

Overspending on cloud services

<ul><li>Companies pay for more cloud than they need, just in case. However, cloud services are dynamic and scalable, allowing you to have just the right level.</li><li>Zombie resources. These are idle resources that are a byproduct of routine activities.</li><li>Employees that are unaware of their cloud spend and not equipped to drive cloud cost optimisation.</li></ul>

Reasons for wasted cloud services

<ul><li>The cloud mindset. Organisations should cultivate a culture of financial accountability to minimise waste. A cross-functional approach across planning, architecture and operations can help the company to scale cost-effectively.</li><li>The cloud toolset. Cloud services offer free access to tooling that enables visibility to cloud usage. You can also use advanced third-party tools and platforms.</li><li>The cloud skillset. Organisations must cultivate IT expertise in interpreting cloud cost and usage and implement necessary changes. They could also make use of managed service providers (MSPs).</li></ul>

Preparing for cloud cost optimisation

Cloud spending is now a significant part of a company’s IT budget, yet nearly one-third of it goes to waste. Here are some strategies to help you optimize.

Learning Without Trying to Learn – Effectiviology

How to Stop Stressing Over Money - Darius Foroux

Implementing Usage-Based Pricing: What Your Financial Teams Need to Know - OpenView

"F*ck You" Money

What Determines Gas Prices?

William Green