<ul><li>Sensory Input: When you feel, see, hear, smell or taste, so basically your five senses, your nerves send signals to your brain.</li><li>Integration: Then your brain processes these signals and interprets them. It decides what to do with these signals.</li><li>Motor output: After deciding what to do it sends out a signal and reacts to the signal.</li></ul>Example 1: Someone says your name, so you turn around and look for them. Example 2: You feel an insect on your leg and then swat it off.

Primary Functions Of Your Nervous System

<ol><li>Central Nervous System: Your brain and spinal cord are in charge of integration and motor output, so deciding your reaction and sending it.</li><li>Peripheral Nervous System: It is made up of three parts: the sensory or afferent division, and the somatic (voluntary e.g. your limbs) and autonomic (involuntary e.g. your organs) division from the motor or efferent division.</li></ol>

The Structure Of Your Nervous System

<ul><li>Neurons pick up stimuli and transmit the signals.</li><li>The Glial cells‘ main functions are providing nutritients, support, insulation and help for transmitting signals</li><li>Microglial cells are your nervous system’s immun cells. To learn more about your immune system take a look at my stash “Your Immune System Explained”.</li><li>Astrocytes exchange materials between the neutrons and capillaries (blood vessels).</li><li>Ependymal cells create, secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.</li><li>Oligodendrocytes create an insulation barrier for your nerval cells.</li></ul>

Nerval Cells

The Nerve cell is built up of three parts: the axon (carries electrical impulses), the dendrite(s) (receives information from other neurons and the cell body which is the “brain” of the cell carrying DNA, etc.

Nerve Cell

<ul><li>Multipolar Cells have one axon and multiple dendrites and is the most common nerve cell structure.</li><li>Bipolar Cells have only one axon and one dendrite. These are very rare and are only found in special places like the retina of your eye and your inner ear.</li><li>Unipolar Cells have just one axon and are found mostly in sensory receptors.</li></ul>

Types Of Nerve Cell Structures

Today Hank kicks off our look around MISSION CONTROL: the nervous system.

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Chapters:
Introduction: Hank's Morning Routine 00:00
Nervous System Functions: Sensory Input, Integration, and Motor Output 1:17
Organization of Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems 2:16
Neurons & Glial Cells 3:42
Central Nervous System Glial Cells: Astrocytes, Microglial, Ependymal, and Oligodendrocytes 4:17
Peripheral Nervous System Glial Cells: Satellite and Schwann 4:56
Cool Neuron Facts! 5:15
Neuron Structure 6:20
Classifying Neuron Structures: Multipolar, Bipolar, and Unipolar 7:00
Classifying Neuron Functionality: Sensory (Afferent), Motor (Efferent), Interneurons (Association) 7:47
Review 9:42
Credits 10:14

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The Nervous System, Part 1: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #8

One cannot think well, love well, sleep well, if one has not dined well.

Made up of ten organs and over 20 different specialised cell types, the digestive system transforms food into nutrients and energy for the body, that keep you alive and healthy. It consists of four different parts:

Digestive System

It’s a long tube that transports all your food through one end of your body to the other. During this trip down your body it is broken apart, digested and then the rest is disposed.

1) Gastrointestinal Tract

These organs all break down food into tiny little pieces, so it can be digested afterwards.

2) Pancreas, Gallbladder, Liver

These four cell types work together to digest the broken down food and then transport the final products to where it’s needed.

3) Enzymes, Hormones, Nerves, Blood

This is the tissue that supports and position all the digestive organs in the right place.

4) Mesentary

<ol><li>Saliva is produced before eating</li><li>You crush the food in your mouth and mix it with the saliva, this mix is called the bolus. Enzymes in the saliva break down any starch</li><li>The bolus then travels down your esophagus into your stomach</li><li>The muscles in the stomachs wall pound the bolus into little bits. Hormones then trigger acids and enzymes that help break down the food</li><li>The liver, gallbladder and pancreas create digestive juices and bile which are then transported to the small intestine where fat is disolved and protein and carbs are broken down. These are transported through blood to the final organs</li></ol>

How Does Digestion Work?

<ol><li>Leftover fiber water and dead cells from the digestion make their way through the large intestine. Most of the water is drained out, leaving stool</li><li>This then is squeezed into the rectum and expells the waste through the anus</li></ol>The entire process usually takes in between 30 and 40 hours.

The Disposal

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Across the planet, humans eat on average between 1 and 2.7 kilograms of food a day, and every last scrap makes its way through the digestive system. Comprised of ten organs covering nine meters, this is one of the most complicated systems in the body. Emma Bryce explains how the different parts of the digestive system work to transform your food into the nutrients and energy that keep you alive.

Lesson by Emma Bryce, animation by Augenblick Studios.

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How your digestive system works - Emma Bryce

Your immune system is made up of many different cells, but these are the most important ones:

Your body‘s soldiers

These cells swallow the bacteria or viruses, digest and then spit them out afterwards.

Macrophages

Neutrophils are aggressive fighters that wipe out enemies by committing suicide; they make toxic nets from their DNA and basically explode. This traps and kills the bacteria.

Neutrophils

By attaching to bacteria, the complement proteins mark the enemy and make it easier for the fighters to kill it.

Complement Proteins

Like complement proteins antibodies are tiny fighters, that make it easier for the others to kill the bacteria. They look a bit like crabs and grab on to the bacteria and then hook onto other antibodies that have hooked onto bacteria. That way clumps are made and the bacteria can‘t get away.

Antibodies

No doctor has ever healed anyone of anything in the history of the world. The human immune system heals and that's the only thing that heals.

Your immune system consists of various components that together protect your body from unwanted invaders. Kurzgesagt explains this short and sweet making it easy to understand!

Quellen: https://sites.google.com/view/sources-immunesystemexplained/

Das menschliche Immunsystem ist, abgesehen von unserem Gehirn, die komplexeste uns bekannte biologische Struktur. Und kaum jemand weiß, wie es eigentlich funktioniert. Oder was es ist. Dein Immunsystem besteht aus hunderten winzig kleinen und zwei grossen Organen und hat ein eigenes Transportsystem, das sich über deinen ganzen Körper erstreckt. 

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Das menschliche Immunsystem ist, abgesehen von unserem Gehirn, die komplexeste uns bekannte biologische Struktur. Und kaum jemand weiß, wie es eigentlich funktioniert. Oder was es ist. Dein Immunsystem besteht aus hunderten winzig kleinen und zwei grossen Organen und hat ein eigenes Transportsystem, das sich über deinen ganzen Körper erstreckt. 

Instagram: https://kgs.link/instagram
Twitter:  https://kgs.link/twitter
Facebook: https://kgs.link/facebook
Spotify:  https://kgs.link/music-spotify
Soundcloud: https://kgs.link/music-soundcloud

Dinge erklärt – Kurzgesagt ist ein Wissenschaftskanal der komplexe Themen aus Weltraumforschung, Physik, Biologie, Politik, Philosophie und Technik einfach und verständlich in animierter Form erklärt.

Wir veröffentlichen alle zwei Wochen ein neues Video auf deutsch. Mal Übersetzungen von unserem englischsprachigen Kanal, mal exklusive Inhalte für den deutschen Markt.

Seit dem 28.09.2017 ist Dinge Erklärt – Kurzgesagt ein Angebot von funk:

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/funkofficial
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The Nervous System, Part 1: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #8

How your digestive system works - Emma Bryce

The Immune System Explained

Lucy Skeleton