The Nervous System, Part 1: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #8
Curated from: CrashCourse
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Primary Functions Of Your Nervous System
- Sensory Input: When you feel, see, hear, smell or taste, so basically your five senses, your nerves send signals to your brain.
- Integration: Then your brain processes these signals and interprets them. It decides what to do with these signals.
- Motor output: After deciding what to do it sends out a signal and reacts to the signal.
Example 1: Someone says your name, so you turn around and look for them.
Example 2: You feel an insect on your leg and then swat it off.
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The Structure Of Your Nervous System
- Central Nervous System: Your brain and spinal cord are in charge of integration and motor output, so deciding your reaction and sending it.
- Peripheral Nervous System: It is made up of three parts: the sensory or afferent division, and the somatic (voluntary e.g. your limbs) and autonomic (involuntary e.g. your organs) division from the motor or efferent division.
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Nerval Cells
- Neurons pick up stimuli and transmit the signals.
- The Glial cells‘ main functions are providing nutritients, support, insulation and help for transmitting signals
- Microglial cells are your nervous system’s immun cells. To learn more about your immune system take a look at my stash “Your Immune System Explained”.
- Astrocytes exchange materials between the neutrons and capillaries (blood vessels).
- Ependymal cells create, secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.
- Oligodendrocytes create an insulation barrier for your nerval cells.
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Nerve Cell
The Nerve cell is built up of three parts: the axon (carries electrical impulses), the dendrite(s) (receives information from other neurons and the cell body which is the “brain” of the cell carrying DNA, etc.
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Types Of Nerve Cell Structures
- Multipolar Cells have one axon and multiple dendrites and is the most common nerve cell structure.
- Bipolar Cells have only one axon and one dendrite. These are very rare and are only found in special places like the retina of your eye and your inner ear.
- Unipolar Cells have just one axon and are found mostly in sensory receptors.
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