Why are adults so bad at learning new languages? We may be trying too hard

Intentionally trying to learn specific information can get in the way of unconsciously learning patterns and intuitions. 

• Growing evidence suggests that language learning depends largely on non-declarative memory.
• Much of language is built on patterns and probabilities rather than precise facts and rules.
• When acquiring language naturally, children pick up on these tendencies without even noticing.
• Even when they make mistakes, children tend to follow the general patterns.

• When adults try to learn a new language, they tend to rely on their prefrontal cortex (PFC).
• Growing evidence finds that learning can improve when the PFC “turns off” and allows the more primitive, less-familiarized non-declarative memory system to take lead.
• You can’t turn back time to become a child again, but there are ways to encourage your PFC to relax so that your non-declarative memory system can take the lead.
• Numerous studies find that short bouts of physical activity reduce prefrontal cortex activation. Listening to music or a shot of alcohol also helps.

It's not that you shouldn’t spend time working on your new language; you should. But instead of actively trying to focus and memorize, you’ll likely benefit from allowing yourself to experience the language. Watch TV shows, attend discussion groups, or listen to music in the language.

And when you do have to remember a list of vocabulary or grammar rules, try taking a stroll first or listening to some instrumental music while you focus.