Specifically, a proper salute goes as follows: Raise the right hand sharply, fingers and thumb extended and joined, palm facing down, and place the tip of the right forefinger on the rim of the visor, slightly to the right of the eye.

Which hand do you use to salute?

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A salute is usually a formal hand gesture or other action used to display respect in military situations.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-1">[1] </a> Salutes are primarily associated with the military and law enforcement, but many civilian organizations, such as Girl Guides,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-2">[2] </a> Boy Scouts and the Salvation Army<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-3">[3] </a> use formal salutes. Ordinary civilians also salute informally to greet or acknowledge the presence of another person; such as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tip_of_the_hat">tip of the hat </a>or a hand wave to a friend or neighbour.

Throughout history, military organizations have used many methods to perform salutes. Depending on the situation a salute could be a hand or body gesture, cannon or rifle shots,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-4">[4] </a> hoisting of flags, removing headgear, or other means of showing respect or deference.

According to historical reconstruction, the ancient Roman military salute (salutatio militaris ) was analogous to the current military salute.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-5">[5] </a> According to some modern military manuals, the modern Western salute originated in France when <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight">knights </a>greeted each other to show friendly intentions by raising their <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visor_(armor)">visors </a>to show their faces[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed">citation needed </a> ] . Others also note that the raising of one's visor was a way to identify oneself saying "This is who I am, and I am not afraid." Medieval visors were, to this end, equipped with a protruding spike that allowed the visor to be raised using a saluting motion.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-6">[6] </a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-7">[7] </a> Also to show a sign of peace, that they are not carrying a weapon [in their right hand].

The US Army Quartermaster School provides another explanation of the origin of the hand salute: that it was a long-established <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_courtesy">military courtesy </a>for subordinates to remove their headgear in the presence of superiors.[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed">citation needed </a> ] As late as the American Revolution, a British Army soldier saluted by removing his hat. With the advent of increasingly cumbersome headgear in the 18th and 19th centuries, the act of removing one's hat was gradually converted into the simpler gesture of grasping or touching the visor and issuing a courteous salutation.

As early as 1745, a British order book stated that: "The men are ordered not to pull off their hats when they pass an officer, or to speak to them, but only to clap up their hands to their hats and bow as they pass." Over time, it became conventionalized into something resembling the modern hand salute.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-8">[8] </a> In the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Army">Austrian Army </a>the practice of making a hand salute replaced that of removing the headdress in 1790, although officers wearing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicorne">cocked hats </a>continued to remove them when greeting superiors until 1868.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-9">[9] </a>

The naval salute, with the palm downwards is said to have evolved because the palms of naval ratings, particularly <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailor">deckhands </a>, were often dirty through working with lines and was deemed insulting to present a dirty palm to an officer; thus the palm was turned downwards. During the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars">Napoleonic Wars </a>, British crews saluted officers by touching a clenched fist to the brow as though grasping a hat-brim between fingers and thumb.[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed">citation needed </a> ]

Hand salutes are normally carried out by bringing the right hand to the head in some way, the precise manner varying between countries and sometimes amongst various branches of the armed forces of the same country. The British Army's salute is almost identical to the French salute, with the palm facing outward. The customary salute in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces">Polish Armed Forces </a>is the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-fingers_salute">two-fingers salute </a>, a variation of the British military salute with only two fingers extended. In the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation">Russian military </a>, the right hand, palm down, is brought to the right temple, almost, but not quite, touching; the head has to be covered. In the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenic_Army">Hellenic Army </a>salute, the palm is facing down and the fingers point to the coat of arms.

In many militaries,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-hand-list-11">[11] </a> hand salutes are only given when a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat">cover </a>(protection for the head, usually a hat) is worn.

When carrying a sword, still done on ceremonial occasions, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_military">European military </a>forces and their cultural descendants use a two-step gesture. The sword is first raised, in the right hand, to the level of and close to the front of the neck. The blade is inclined forward and up 30 degrees from the vertical; the true edge is to the left. Then the sword is slashed downward to a position with the point close to the ground in front of the right foot. The blade is inclined down and forward with the true edge to the left. This gesture originated in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades">Crusades </a>. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilt">hilt </a>of a sword formed a cross with the blade, so if a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifix">crucifix </a>was not available, a Crusader could kiss the hilt of his sword when praying, before entering battle, for oaths and vows, and so on. The lowering of the point to the ground is a traditional act of submission.

In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing">fencing </a>, the fencers salute each other before putting their masks on to begin a bout. There are several methods of doing this, but the most common is to bring the sword in front of the face so that the blade is pointing up in front of the nose. The fencers also salute the referee and the audience.

When armed with a rifle, two methods are available when saluting. The usual method is called "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Present_arms_(command)">present arms </a>"; the rifle is brought to the vertical, muzzle up, in front of the center of the chest with the trigger away from the body. The hands hold the stock close to the positions they would have if the rifle were being fired, though the trigger is not touched. Less formal salutes include the "order arms salute" and the "shoulder arms salutes." These are most often given by a sentry to a low-ranking superior who does not rate the full "present arms" salute. In the "order arms salute," the rifle rests on its butt by the sentry's right foot, held near the muzzle by the sentry's right hand, and does not move. The sentry brings his flattened left hand across his body and touches the rifle near its muzzle. When the rifle is being carried on the shoulder, a similar gesture is used in which the flattened free hand is brought across the body to touch the rifle near the rear of the receiver.

A different type of salute with a rifle is a ritual firing performed during <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_funeral">military funerals </a>, known as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-volley_salute">three-volley salute </a>. In this ceremonial act, an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_(mathematics)">odd number </a>of riflemen fire three blank cartridges in unison into the air over the casket. This originates from an old European tradition wherein a battle was halted to remove the dead and wounded, then three shots were fired to signal readiness to re-engage.

The custom of firing cannon salutes originated in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Navy">Royal Navy </a>. When a cannon was fired, it partially disarmed the ship until reloaded, so needlessly firing a cannon showed respect and trust. As a matter of courtesy a warship would fire her guns harmlessly out to sea, to show that she had no hostile intent. At first, ships were required to fire seven guns; meanwhile forts, with their more numerous guns and a larger supply of gunpowder, were required meanwhile to fire 21 times. Later, as the quality of gunpowder improved, the British increased the number of shots required from ships to match the forts.

The system of odd-numbered rounds originated from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Pepys">Samuel Pepys </a>, Secretary to the Navy in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Restoration">Restoration </a>, as a way of economising on the use of powder, the rule until that time having been that all guns had to be fired. Odd numbers were chosen, as even numbers indicated a death.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-12">[12] </a>

As naval customs evolved, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21-gun_salute">21-gun salute </a>came to be reserved for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_state">heads of state </a>, with fewer rounds used to salute lower-ranking officials. Today, In the US Armed Forces, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_Government">heads of government </a>and cabinet ministers (e.g., the Vice President, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Cabinet">U.S. cabinet members </a>, and service secretaries<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-13">[13] </a> ), and military officers with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five-star_rank">five-star rank </a>receive 19 rounds; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-star_rank">four-stars </a>receive 17 rounds; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-star_rank">three-stars </a>receive 15; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-star_rank">two-stars </a>receive 13; and a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-star_rank">one-star </a>general or admiral receives 11. These same standards are currently adhered to by ground-based saluting batteries.

Multiples of 21-gun salutes may be fired for particularly important celebrations. In monarchies this is often done at births of members of the royal family of the country and other official celebrations associated with the royal family.

United States Army Presidential Salute Battery

A specialty platoon of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_US_Infantry_Regiment_(The_Old_Guard)">3rd US Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard) </a>, the Presidential Salute Battery is based at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Myer">Fort Myer </a>, Virginia. The Guns Platoon (as it is known for short) has the task of rendering military honors in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Metropolitan_Area">National Capital Region </a>, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_funeral">armed forces full-honors funerals </a>; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_funerals_in_the_United_States">state funerals </a>; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_inauguration">presidential inaugurations </a>; full-honors <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wreath">wreath </a>ceremonies at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknowns">Tomb of the Unknowns </a>in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery </a>; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Arrival_Ceremony">state arrivals </a>at the White House and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pentagon">Pentagon </a>, and retirement ceremonies for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_officer">general-grade officers </a>in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_District_of_Washington">Military District of Washington </a>, which are normally conducted at Fort Myer.

The Presidential Salute Battery also participates in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Capitol_Fourth">A Capitol Fourth </a>, the Washington <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)">Independence Day </a>celebration; the guns accompany the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Symphony_Orchestra_(United_States)">National Symphony Orchestra </a>in performing the "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_Overture">1812 Overture </a>".

The platoon maintains its battery of ten ceremonially-modified World War II-vintage <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_inch_Gun_M5">M5 </a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-tank_guns">anti-tank guns </a>at the Old Guard regimental motor pool.

A ceremonial or celebratory form of aerial salute is the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flypast">flypast </a>(known as a "flyover" in the United States), which often follows major parades such as the annual <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trooping_the_Colour">Trooping the Colour </a>in the United Kingdom and the French <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastille_Day_military_parade">Bastille Day military parade </a>(défilé du 14 juillet ). It is seen in other countries as well, notably Singapore and Canada. In Singapore, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Singapore_Air_Force">Republic of Singapore Air Force </a>usually conducts aerial salutes during the annual <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_National_Day_Parade">National Day Parade </a>and major state events, such as during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Lee_Kuan_Yew">funeral of Lee Kuan Yew </a>.

Gun salute by aircraft, primarily displayed during funerals, began with simple flypasts during <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I">World War I </a>and have evolved into the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missing_man_formation">missing man formation </a>, where either a formation of aircraft is conspicuously missing an element or a single aircraft abruptly leaves a formation.

A casual salute by an aircraft, somewhat akin to waving to a friend, is the custom of "waggling" the wings by partially rolling the aircraft first to one side, and then the other.

In the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations">Commonwealth of Nations </a>, only commissioned <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)">officers </a>are saluted, and the salute is to the commission they carry from their respective commanders-in-chief representing the monarch, not the officers themselves.

In both countries, the right-hand salute is generally identical to, and drawn from the traditions of, the British armed forces. The salute of the Australian or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Army">New Zealand Army </a>is best described as the right arm taking the path of the longest way up and then the shortest way down. Similar in many ways, the salute of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force">Royal Australian Air Force </a>and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force">Royal New Zealand Air Force </a>takes the longest way up and the shortest way down. The Royal Australian Navy and Royal New Zealand Navy, however, take the shortest way up, palm down, and the shortest way down. The action of the arm rotating up is slower than the action of the conclusion of the salute which is the arm being quickly "snapped" down to the saluter's side. Junior members are required to salute first and the senior member is obliged to return the compliment. Protocol dictates that the monarch, members of the royal family, the governor-general, and state governors are to be saluted at all times by all ranks. Except where a drill manual (or parade) protocol dictates otherwise, the duration of the salute is timed at three beats of the quick-time march (approximately 1.5 seconds), timed from the moment the senior member first returns it. In situations where cover (or "headdress", as it is called in the Australian Army) is not being worn, the salute is given verbally; the junior party (or at least the senior member thereof) will first come to attention, then offer the salute "Good morning/afternoon Your Majesty/Your Royal Highness/Prime Minister/Your Grace/Sir/Ma'am", etc., as the case may be. It is this, rather than the act of standing to attention, which indicates that a salute is being offered. If either party consists of two or more members, all will come to attention, but only the most senior member of the party will offer (or return) the physical or verbal salute. The party wearing headdress must always offer, or respond with, a full salute. But within the Forward Edge of the Battle Area (FEBA) no salutes of any kind are given, under any circumstances; it is always sensible to assume that there are snipers in the area who may see or overhear. In this case, parties personally known to each other are addressed familiarly by their first or given names, regardless of rank; senior officers are addressed as one might address a stranger, courteously, but without any naming or mark of respect.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-14">[14] </a>

Much as the British salute described above (except the palm is level with the ground, without the U.S.A. slight over-rotation of the wrist), the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_military">Canadian military </a>salutes to demonstrate a mark of respect and courtesy for the commissioned ranks. When in uniform and not wearing headdress one does not salute. Instead, compliments shall be paid by standing at attention. If on the march, arms shall be swung and the head turned to the left or right as required.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-15">[15] </a>

On <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remembrance_Day">Remembrance Day </a>, 2009, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Wales">The Prince of Wales </a>attended the national ceremony in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa">Ottawa </a>with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada">Governor General </a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C3%ABlle_Jean">Michaëlle Jean </a>—both wearing Canadian military dress. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation">CBC </a>live television coverage of the event noted that, when Prince Charles saluted, he performed the Canadian form of the salute with a cupped hand (the British "naval salute"—appropriate, as he did his military service as an officer in the Royal Navy), adopted by all elements of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Forces">Canadian Forces </a>after unification in 1968, rather than the British (Army) form with the palm facing forward.

In the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_Defence">Danish military </a>, there are two types of military salutes. The first type is employed by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Danish_Navy">Royal Danish Navy </a>and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guard_Hussar_Regiment_Mounted_Squadron">Guard Hussar Regiment Mounted Squadron </a>, and is the same as the one used by the U.S.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-16">[16] </a> The second is employed by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Danish_Army">Royal Danish Army </a>and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Danish_Air_Force">Royal Danish Air Force </a>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-17">[17] </a> and goes as follows: Raise the right arm forward, as to have upper arm 90 degrees from the body. Move the right hand to the temple, and have it parallel to the ground.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-18">[18] </a>

Subordinates salute superiors and every salute is given back. Hand salutes are not performed if a member is not wearing a headdress or if he is holding a weapon.

The French salute, as the original template, [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify">clarification needed </a> ] is performed with a flat hand, palm facing forwards; the upper arm is horizontal and the tips of the fingers come near the corner of the eyes. The hand, unlike the British salute, remains at a 45-degree angle in line with the lower arm. The five fingers are lined together. It mirrors the gesture made by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight">knights </a>greeting each other, raising their <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visor">visors </a>to show their faces.[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed">citation needed </a> ] A crisp tension may be given when the salute is taken or broken.

Some "creative" salutes are in use in certain mounted (cavalry) units. The fingers can be spread out with only the right thumb brushing the temple, or the hand can be cocked vertically along the cheek, with the little finger detached or not. These unusual regimental salutes are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannerism">Mannerisms </a>which are lost during official ceremonies. A civilian (even if he has a hat) never salutes, but a nod to a patrolling soldier is generally appreciated.[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed">citation needed </a> ]

In the German <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr">Bundeswehr </a>, the salute is performed with a flat hand, with the thumb resting on the index finger. The hand is slightly tilted to the front so that the thumb can not be seen. The upper arm is horizontal and the fingers point to the temple but do not touch it or the headgear. Every soldier saluting another uniformed soldier is entitled to be saluted in return. Soldiers below the rank of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldwebel">Feldwebel </a>are not permitted to speak while saluting. Since the creation of the Bundeswehr, soldiers are required to salute with and without headgear. Originally, in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichswehr">Reichswehr </a>it was not permitted to perform the salute when the soldier is not wearing uniform <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headgear">headgear </a>. In the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht </a>, the traditional military salute was required when wearing headgear, but the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_salute">Nazi salute </a>was performed when not wearing headgear. The Wehrmacht eventually fully adopted the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_salute">Nazi salute </a>following the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_July_Plot">20 July Plot </a>. East German <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_People%27s_Army">National People's Army </a>followed the Reichswehr protocol.

In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India">India </a>, the three forces have different salutes with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Army">Indian Army </a>and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Navy">Indian Navy </a>following the British tradition. In the Indian army, the salute is performed by keeping the open palm forward, with fingers and thumb together and middle finger almost touching the hatband or right eyebrow. This is often accompanied by the salutation "Jai Hind" which means long live India or Victory to India, or the regimental salutation, e.g. "Sat Sri Akal" in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh_Regiment">Sikh Regiment </a>. The Navy salute has the palm facing towards the ground at a 90-degree angle. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Air_Force">Indian Air Force </a>salute involves the right arm being sharply raised from the front by the shortest possible way, with the plane of the palm at 45-degree angle to the forehead.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-19">[19] </a>

In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia">Indonesia </a>, executing a salute has its regulations. Members who are part of a uniformed institution and wearing a uniform will implement a gesture of salute according to the regulations of the institution the member is part of.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-20">[20] </a> In this case, personnel of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_National_Armed_Forces">TNI </a>and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_National_Police">Indonesian National Police </a>are to implement a hand salute by forming the right hand up making an angle of 90 degrees and is bent 45 degrees, fingers are pressed together and placed near the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_(anatomy)">temple </a>of the right eye, palm facing down.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-21">[21] </a> Personnel wearing a headdress place the tip of the right index finger touching the front right tip of the headdress.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-22">[22] </a> Other uniformed organizations/institutions which are not part of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_National_Armed_Forces">military </a>/<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_National_Police">police </a>will implement a hand salute as done by members of the military/police.

The command for this gesture in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_language">Indonesian </a>is Hormat, Gerak! . Military and police personnel armed with a rifle during a ceremony will implement a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Present_arms_(command)#Indonesia">present arms </a>while personnel unarmed will execute the hand salute.

This is done during the raising and/or lowering of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Indonesia">national flag </a>, rendition or singing of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_anthem_of_Indonesia">national anthem </a>, and when saluting a person or object worth saluting.

In the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces">Israel Defense Forces </a>, saluting is normally reserved for special ceremonies. Unlike in the US Army, saluting is not a constant part of day to day barracks life.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-23">[23] </a>

The hand salute is still performed according to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Army">army </a>"Infantry Training – Formal Instructions" regulation, chapter II, section 12 (1939) "The salute is completed sharply ... bringing the right hand vigorously to the visor of the headdress, with the tip of the fingers over the right eye; the hand in line with the forearm, with the palm facing downwards, the fingers joined and stretched, the index finger in contact with the edge of the visor; horizontal arm, forearm naturally inclined" .<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-24">[24] </a> The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Air_Force">air force </a>and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Navy">navy </a>use the same procedure, with the single exception of the navy boatswains that salute left-handed while giving the traditional "pipe aboard", as their right hand is used to hold the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boatswain%27s_call">boatswain's call </a>.

When given individually, the salute is given by inferior to superior ranks and is held until returned, and by word of command when given by a formed unit. For personnel not wearing hats, holding weapons or with otherwise encumbered hands, the salute is given by coming to attention. During marching armed parades only the officer in command salutes for the whole unit, briefly bringing the flat of his sword to his face if in full dress, or giving the standard hand salute if in combat uniform. During flag-rising and flag-lowering armed parades all officers and senior NCOs hand salute the flag, while other ranks present arms, and the whole unit sings the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_anthem">national anthem </a>. Flag parties give salute by slightly inclining the flag only, with the flag-bearer and the escort not giving individual salutes.[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed">citation needed </a> ]

In Japan, the angle of salute depends on the branch. In the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Ground_Self-Defense_Force">Ground </a>and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Air_Self-Defense_Force">Air </a>Self-Defense Forces, the salute is 90 degrees under the armpit like the U.S. Armed Forces. In the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force">Maritime </a>Self-Defense Forces, the salute is a 45-degree angle because of the narrowness of a ship's interior spaces. To prevent a member's elbow from hitting other members, subordinates may be given approval to not salute in a corridor inside the ship. Furthermore, in all the branches, if a member is not wearing their cap, then they should salute by bowing 10 degrees.[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed">citation needed </a> ]

In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan">Pakistan </a>, the salute is generally identical to that of British armed forces. In the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Army">Army </a>and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force">Air Force </a>, the salute is given with the right hand palm facing forward and fingers slightly touching the right side of the forehead, but not on the forehead. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Navy">Navy </a>continues to salute palm down.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-25">[25] </a> The salute must be performed by the lower rank officials to the higher rank officials under all conditions except when the higher rank official is not in uniform or if the lower rank official is the driver and the vehicle is in motion.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-26">[26] </a> The salute is never performed by the left hand even if the right hand is occupied.

Military personnel of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army">People's Liberation Army </a>salute palm-down, similar to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Navy">Royal Navy </a>or US Military salutes.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-27">[27] </a>

Polish military personnel use <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-finger_salute#Two-finger_salute_in_Poland">two fingers to salute </a>, with the middle and index fingers extended and touching each other, while the ring and little fingers are bent and touched by the thumb.

Salutes are similar to those of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Navy">Royal Navy </a>. The official instruction for stationary salute states: "The right hand is quickly raised straight up to the headgear. The fingers straight but not stiff next to each other, the little finger edge facing forward. One or two finger tips lightly resting against the right part of the headgear (visor), so that the hand does not obstruct the eye. The wrist straight, the elbow angled forward and slightly lower than the shoulder." Salutes to persons are normally not made when further away than 30 m. Hand salutes are performed only when carrying headgear, if bare headed (normally only indoors) a swift turning of the head towards the person that is being saluted is made instead. The same applies if the right hand is carrying any item that cannot easily be transferred to the left hand. During inspections and when on guard duty, the salute is made by coming to attention. Drivers of moving vehicles never salute. In formations, only the commander salutes.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-28">[28] </a>

Swiss soldiers are required to salute any higher-ranking military personnel whenever they encounter them. When the soldier announces to a higher-ranking person he has to state the superior's rank, his rank and his name. When a military formation encounters a superior, it has to state the name of the formation. The salute is given like that of the British navy with the palm pointing towards the shoulder, the tips of the fingers pointing towards the temple.

Within the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_military">Turkish military </a>hand salutes are only given when a cover (protection for the head, usually a hat) is worn.

If the head is not covered or when the personnel is carrying a rifle on the shoulder the head salute is performed by nodding the head forward slightly while maintaining erect posture.

The salute (hand or head) must be performed first by the lower ranking personnel to the higher ranking personnel, and higher official is expected to return the salute, under all conditions except:

<ul><li>Personnel who are driving vehicles. </li><li>Personnel who are on sentry, patrol, observation duty or defending a specific point. </li><li>Personnel on combat orders. </li><li>Personnel who are transporting live ammunition. </li><li>Military prisoners and personnel escorting them. </li> </ul>

The casket of a soldier killed in the line of duty (irrespective of rank) has to be saluted by all ranks of personnel.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-29">[29] </a>

<ul><li>Royal Air Force palm facing out, behind right eye </li><li>British Army with palm facing out. fingers almost touching cap </li><li>Royal Navy with the palm facing down </li> </ul>

Since 1917, the British Army's salute has been given with the right hand palm facing forwards with the fingers almost touching the cap or beret. Before 1917, for Other Ranks (i.e. not officers) the salute was given with whichever hand was furthest from the person being saluted, whether that was the right or the left. Officers always saluted with the right hand (as the left, in theory, would always be required to hold the scabbard of their sword).<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-30">[30] </a> The salute is given to acknowledge the Queen's commission. A salute may not be given unless a soldier is wearing his regimental headdress, for example a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beret">beret </a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caubeen">caubeen </a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tam_o%27_Shanter_(cap)">Tam o' Shanter </a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glengarry">Glengarry </a>, field service cap or peaked cap. This does not apply to members of The Blues and Royals (RHG/1stD) The Household Cavalry who, after The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Warburg">Battle of Warburg </a>were allowed to salute without headdress. If a soldier or officer is not wearing headdress then he or she must come to attention instead of giving/returning the salute. The subordinate salutes first and maintains the salute until the superior has responded in kind.

There is a widespread though erroneous belief that it is statutory for "all ranks to salute a bearer of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Cross">Victoria Cross </a>". There is no official requirement that appears in the official Warrant of the VC, nor in Queen's Regulations and Orders, but tradition dictates that this occurs and as such the Chiefs of Staff will salute a Private awarded either a VC or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Cross">George Cross </a>.

The custom of saluting commissioned officers relates wholly to the commission given by Her Majesty the Queen to that officer, not the person.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-Frequently_Asked_Questions-31">[31] </a> Therefore, when a subordinate airman salutes an officer, he is indirectly acknowledging Her Majesty as Head of State. A salute returned by the officer is on behalf of the Queen.

The RAF salute is similar to the British Army, the hand is brought upwards in a circular motion out from the body, it is stopped 1 inch (25 mm) to the rear and to the right of the right eye, the elbow and wrist are kept in line with the shoulder. The hand is then brought straight down back to the position of attention, this movement is completed to the timing "UP TWO-THREE DOWN".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-32">[32] </a>

The Naval salute differs in that the palm of the hand faces down towards the shoulder. This dates back to the days of sailing ships, when tar and pitch were used to seal a ship's timbers from seawater. To protect their hands, officers wore white gloves and it was considered most undignified to present a dirty palm in the salute, so the hand was turned through 90 degrees. A common story is that Queen Victoria, having been saluted by an individual with a dirty palm, decreed that in future sailors of the fleet would salute palm down, with the palm facing the ground.

The Royal Marines follow the British Army and salute with the right hand palm facing forward.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-33">[33] </a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute#cite_note-34">[34] </a>

In the British Empire (originally in the maritime and hinterland sphere of influence of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company">East India Company </a>, HEIC, later transformed into crown territories), mainly in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_India">British India </a>, the numbers of guns fired as a gun salute to the ruler of a so-called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princely_state">princely state </a>became a politically <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salute_state">highly significant indicator of his status </a>, not governed by objective rules, but awarded (and in various cases increased) by the British paramount power, roughly reflecting his state's socio-economic, political and/or military weight, but also as a prestigious reward for loyalty to the Raj, in classes (always odd numbers) from three to twenty-one (seven lacking), for the "vassal" indigenous rulers (normally hereditary with a throne, sometimes raised as a personal distinction for an individual ruling prince). Two sovereign monarchies officially outside the Empire were granted a higher honour: thirty-one guns for the royal houses of Afghanistan (under British and Russian influence), and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siam">Siam </a>(which was then ruled by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rattanakosin_Kingdom">Rattanakosin Kingdom </a>).

In addition, the right to style himself Highness (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majesty">Majesty </a>, which since its Roman origin expresses the sovereign authority of the state, was denied to all "vassals"), a title of great importance in international relations, was formally restricted to rulers of relatively high salute ranks (originally only those with eleven guns or more, later also those with nine guns).

Salute - Wikipedia

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