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Emerson begins by asserting that everyone possesses a universal mind, and the events, thoughts, and feelings of an individual reflect the universal nature of humanity. He critiques history books for often setting certain events and individuals apart from the rest of humanity, whereas he believes that the significant differences between people are merely the result of the same divine spark within each person being shaped by their environment.
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Emerson goes on to say that since this universal mind is the one that writes history, it must also be the one that reads it. He argues that because everyone shares the same experiences, history serves as a biography for each person. The universal nature of the spirit, according to Emerson, connects everyone and everything across time. He supports this idea by employing the transcendentalist theory of oneness, suggesting that all of history has occurred for us in the present, and each person can understand the past by comparing it to their own life.
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As a transcendentalist, Emerson prioritizes spiritual intuition over factual knowledge. He believes that laws are rooted in people's shared desire for an attainable sense of morals and intelligence.
He emphasizes the interconnectedness of all things, suggesting that individuals can see parts of themselves in other people, objects, and events from the past. People's daily relationship with nature, he argues, is their most genuine link to the past, as all individuals have become spiritually united with the natural world over time.
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Emerson also discusses how all living things share the same divine design, and people attempt to capture the beauty of nature in their art and architecture. He believes that art and nature bring people together across time and space by evoking the same images and emotions in everyone.
Just as an artist must embody what they are painting to create it well, people must see themselves in history and vice versa to fully understand it.
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Moreover, Emerson touches on how writing can help people comprehend and make sense of the past. He explains that characters in writing are representations of real people and are often used as symbols for universal human concepts such as pain, truth, or justice.
The lessons from these literary figures, according to Emerson, reveal the true meaning of life and should be valued more than facts that cannot be seen or touched. By studying literature, a person can learn how the general mind has evolved and remained consistent over time.
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In conclusion, Emerson believes that personal growth and change are reflections of the same historical patterns at different levels of detail. The inner life of an individual is just one example of how the spirit and awareness of all things are one. He argues that the past of everything is collaborative because people could not have achieved their greatest accomplishments without being connected to the rest of the natural world.
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Emerson ends the essay with a call to action, urging people to read and write history from a broader and deeper perspective, so they can understand the meaning of their lives in terms of the spiritual unity that links everyone and everything across time.
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The idiot, the Indian, the child, and unschooled farmer's boy, stand nearer to the light by which nature is to be read, than the dissector or the antiquary.
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IDEAS CURATED BY
CURATOR'S NOTE
Summary of History by Ralph Waldo Emerson
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