14 Fun Facts About Roller Coasters

Some roller coasters can loop-the-loop, but the loop isn't a circle itself, more like the middle of a Venn diagram. The shape and size of the loop is determent by the centripetal force - the force that keeps you from falling out of the roller coaster while it's upside down.

In 1884, Phillip Hinkle patented a powered chain to pull the cars up the first incline before letting gravity take over. Because of this, Hinkle coasters could be built on elliptical paths rather than move from point A to B.

• The tallest: Kingda Ka roller coaster at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson, New Jersey, is 465 feet high and goes from zero to 128 miles per hour in only 3.5 seconds, then up the rails 45 stories high at a 90-degree angle.
• The fastest: The Formula Rossa roller coaster at Ferrari World Abu Dhabi goes from zero to 149 miles per hour in 4.9 seconds.
• The longest: Steel Dragon 2000 at Nagashima Spa Land in Japan is 1.5 miles long, and the ride lasts for four minutes.

Some people enjoy the thrill of roller coasters. One reason is because of higher levels of dopamine - neurotransmitters associated with reward. Another study found that higher levels of endorphins lead to increased feelings of excitement.

Ron Toomer, one of the most famous roller coaster designers, rarely rode any of his rides. He had severe motion sickness and would much rather sit drawing them than riding them.

The Leap-The-Dips in Altoona, Pennsylvania, is the oldest working roller coaster. It was built in 1902, goes ten miles an hour and doesn't have seatbelts, lap bars or headrests.

The roller coasters of the future promises cars that rotate and roller coaster-water slide mashups. Disney applied for a patent that would allow a car's seat to move, and a German rollercoaster manufacturer shared conceptual renderings for a hybrid roller coaster and waterslide.