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Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī (<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language">Persian </a>: جلال‌الدین محمد رومی ‎), (also known as Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Balkhī (جلال‌الدین محمد بلخى ), Mevlânâ /Mowlānā (مولانا , "our master"), Mevlevî /Mawlawī (مولوی , "my master")) more popularly known simply as Rumi (30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273), was a 13th-century <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persians">Persian </a><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-11">[11] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-EI-1">[1] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-lewis-12">[12] </a> poet, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanafi">Hanafi </a><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faqih">faqih </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulama">Islamic scholar </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maturidi">Maturidi </a>theologian, and <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufism">Sufi </a><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysticism">mystic </a>originally from <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Khorasan">Greater Khorasan </a>in <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Iran">Greater Iran </a>.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-lewis-12">[12] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-13">[13] </a> Rumi's influence transcends national borders and ethnic divisions: Iranians, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajiks">Tajiks </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people">Turks </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cappadocian_Greeks">Greeks </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashtun_people">Pashtuns </a>, other <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asian_peoples">Central Asian Muslims </a>, and the Muslims of the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_subcontinent">Indian subcontinent </a>have greatly appreciated his spiritual legacy for the past seven centuries.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-Nasr1-14">[14] </a> His poems have been widely translated into many of the world's languages and transposed into various formats. Rumi has been described as the "most popular poet"<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-BBC-Haviland-15">[15] </a> and the "best selling poet" in the United States.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-16">[16] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-17">[17] </a>

<ul class="mw-collapsible-content"><li><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad">Muhammad </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Hanifa">Abu Hanifa </a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Maturidi">al-Maturidi </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali </a>, Muhaqqeq Termezi, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha-ud-din_Zakariya">Baha-ud-din Zakariya </a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farid_al-Din_Attar">Attār </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanai">Sanā'ī </a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abusaeid_Abolkheir">Abu Sa'īd Abulḫayr </a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abul-Hassan_Kharaqani">Ḫaraqānī </a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayazid_Bistami">Bayazīd Bistāmī </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Walad">Sultan Walad </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shams_Tabrizi">Shams Tabrizi </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Arabi">Ibn Arabi </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadr_al-Din_al-Qunawi">Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi </a> </li> </ul>

<ul class="mw-collapsible-content"><li><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jami">Jami </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Abdul_Latif_Bhittai">Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam">Kazi Nazrul Islam </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdolhossein_Zarrinkoob">Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdolkarim_Soroush">Abdolkarim Soroush </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hossein_Elahi_Ghomshei">Hossein Elahi Ghomshei </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal </a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hossein_Nasr">Hossein Nasr </a><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-10">[10] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunus_Emre">Yunus Emre </a> </li> </ul>

Rumi's works are written mostly in <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language">Persian </a>, but occasionally he also used <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Anatolian_Turkish">Turkish </a>,<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-Annemarie_Schimmel-18">[18] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic">Arabic </a>,<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-Franklin_Lewis-19">[19] </a> and <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cappadocian_Greek">Greek </a><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-20">[20] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-21">[21] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-22">[22] </a> in his verse. His <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masnavi">Masnavi </a> (Mathnawi ), composed in <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konya">Konya </a>, is considered one of the greatest poems of the Persian language.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-23">[23] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-C.E._Bosworth_p._391-24">[24] </a> His works are widely read today in their original language across <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Iran">Greater Iran </a>and the Persian-speaking world.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-25">[25] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-26">[26] </a> Translations of his works are very popular, most notably in <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey">Turkey </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan </a>, the United States, and South Asia.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-27">[27] </a> His poetry has influenced not only <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_literature">Persian literature </a>, but also the literary traditions of the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language">Ottoman Turkish </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chagatai_language">Chagatai </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu">Urdu </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_language">Bengali </a>and <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto_language">Pashto </a>languages.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-28">[28] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-29">[29] </a>

He is most commonly called Rumi in English. His full name is given by his contemporary Sipahsalar as Muhammad bin Muhammad bin al-Husayn al-Khatibi al-Balkhi al-Bakri (<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language">Arabic </a>: محمد بن محمد بن الحسين الخطيبي البلخي البكري ‎).<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-30">[30] </a> He is more commonly known as Jalāl ad-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī (جلال‌الدین محمد رومی ). Jalal ad-Din is an <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic">Arabic </a>name meaning "Glory of the Faith". Balkhī and Rūmī are his <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisba_(onomastics)">nisbas </a> , meaning, respectively, "from <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkh">Balkh </a>" and "from <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBm">Rûm </a>" ('Roman,' what European history now calls <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine">Byzantine </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Anatolia">Anatolia </a><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-31">[31] </a> ). According to the authoritative Rumi biographer <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Lewis">Franklin Lewis </a>of the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Chicago">University of Chicago </a>, "[t]he Anatolian peninsula which had belonged to the Byzantine, or eastern Roman empire, had only relatively recently been conquered by Muslims and even when it came to be controlled by Turkish Muslim rulers, it was still known to Arabs, Persians and Turks as the geographical area of Rum. As such, there are a number of historical personages born in or associated with Anatolia known as Rumi, a word borrowed from Arabic literally meaning 'Roman,' in which context Roman refers to subjects of the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire">Byzantine Empire </a>or simply to people living in or things associated with <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatolia">Anatolia </a>."<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-32">[32] </a> He was also known as "Mullah of Rum" (ملای روم mullā-yi Rūm or ملای رومی mullā-yi Rūmī ).<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-33">[33] </a>

He is widely known by the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobriquet">sobriquet </a>Mawlānā /Molānā <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-EI-1">[1] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-encyclopaedia1991-5">[5] </a> (<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language">Persian </a>: مولانا ‎ Persian pronunciation:  <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian">[moulɒːnɒ] </a> ) in <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran">Iran </a>and popularly known as Mevlânâ in Turkey. Mawlānā (مولانا ‎) is a term of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic">Arabic </a>origin, meaning "our master".

The term مولوی Mawlawī /Mowlavi (Persian) and Mevlevi (Turkish), also of Arabic origin, meaning "my master", is also frequently used for him.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-34">[34] </a>

Rumi was born to native Persian-speaking parents,<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-Annemarie_Schimmel-18">[18] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-Franklin_Lewis-19">[19] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-Nasr2-35">[35] </a> originally from the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkh">Balkh </a>, which at the time was part of the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khwarezmian_Empire">Khwarezmian Empire </a>, but is now in present-day <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan">Afghanistan </a>. He was born either in <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakhsh,_Tajikistan">Wakhsh </a>,<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-Balkh-4">[4] </a> a village on the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakhsh_River">Vakhsh River </a>in present-day <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan">Tajikistan </a>,<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-Balkh-4">[4] </a> or in the city of Balkh, in present-day Afghanistan.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-UNESCO-2">[2] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-UNESDOC-36">[36] </a>

Greater Balkh was at that time a major centre of Persian culture<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-C.E._Bosworth_p._391-24">[24] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-Nasr2-35">[35] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-37">[37] </a> and <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufism">Sufism </a>had developed there for several centuries. The most important influences upon Rumi, besides his father, were the Persian poets <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attar_of_Nishapur">Attar </a>and <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanai">Sanai </a>.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-38">[38] </a> Rumi expresses his appreciation: "Attar was the spirit, Sanai his eyes twain, And in time thereafter, Came we in their train"<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-39">[39] </a> and mentions in another poem: "Attar has traversed the seven cities of Love, We are still at the turn of one street".<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-40">[40] </a> His father was also connected to the spiritual lineage of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najm_al-Din_Kubra">Najm al-Din Kubra </a>.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-Nasr1-14">[14] </a>

Rumi lived most of his life under the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persianate_society">Persianate </a><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-41">[41] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-42">[42] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-43">[43] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seljuk_dynasty">Seljuk </a><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum">Sultanate of Rum </a>, where he produced his works<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-44">[44] </a> and died in 1273  AD. He was buried in <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konya">Konya </a>, and his shrine became a place of pilgrimage.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-45">[45] </a> Upon his death, his followers and his son <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Walad">Sultan Walad </a>founded the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevlevi_Order">Mevlevi Order </a>, also known as the Order of the Whirling Dervishes, famous for the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufi_dance">Sufi dance </a>known as the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)">Sama </a>ceremony. He was laid to rest beside his father, and over his remains a shrine was erected. A hagiographical account of him is described in Shams ud-Din Ahmad Aflāki's Manāqib ul-Ārifīn (written between 1318 and 1353). This biography needs to be treated with care as it contains both legends and facts about Rumi.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-howisit-46">[46] </a> For example, Professor <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Lewis">Franklin Lewis </a>of the University of Chicago, author of the most complete biography on Rumi, has separate sections for the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagiography">hagiographical </a>biography of Rumi and the actual biography about him.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-hagiographer1-47">[47] </a>

Rumi's father was <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4">Bahā ud-Dīn Walad </a>, a theologian, jurist and a <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysticism">mystic </a>from Balkh, who was also known by the followers of Rumi as Sultan al-Ulama or "Sultan of the Scholars". According to <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Walad">Sultan Walad </a>'s Ibadetname and Shamsuddin Aflaki (c.1286 to 1291), Rumi was a descendant of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr">Abu Bakr </a>.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-48">[48] </a> Some modern scholars, however, reject this claim and state it does not hold on closer examination. The claim of maternal descent from the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khwarazmshah">Khwarazmshah </a>for Rumi or his father is also seen as a non-historical hagiographical tradition designed to connect the family with royalty, but this claim is rejected for chronological and historical reasons. The most complete genealogy offered for the family stretches back to six or seven generations to famous Hanafi jurists.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-hagiographer1-47">[47] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-hagiographer2-49">[49] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-hagiographer3-50">[50] </a>

We do not learn the name of Baha al-Din's mother in the sources, only that he referred to her as "Māmi" (colloquial Persian for Māma),<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-hagiographer4-51">[51] </a> and that she was a simple woman who lived to the 1200s. The mother of Rumi was Mu'mina Khātūn. The profession of the family for several generations was that of Islamic preachers of the relatively liberal <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanafi">Hanafi </a><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maturidi">Maturidi </a>school, and this family tradition was continued by Rumi (see his Fihi Ma Fih and Seven Sermons) and <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Walad">Sultan Walad </a>(see Ma'rif Waladi for examples of his everyday sermons and lectures).

When the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol">Mongols </a>invaded Central Asia sometime between 1215 and 1220, Baha ud-Din Walad, with his whole family and a group of disciples, set out westwards. According to hagiographical account which is not agreed upon by all Rumi scholars, Rumi encountered one of the most famous mystic Persian poets, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attar_of_Nishapur">Attar </a>, in the Iranian city of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishapur">Nishapur </a>, located in the province of Khorāsān. Attar immediately recognized Rumi's spiritual eminence. He saw the father walking ahead of the son and said, "Here comes a sea followed by an ocean."<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-52">[52] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-53">[53] </a> Attar gave the boy his Asrārnāma , a book about the entanglement of the soul in the material world. This meeting had a deep impact on the eighteen-year-old Rumi and later on became the inspiration for his works.

From Nishapur, Walad and his entourage set out for <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad">Baghdad </a>, meeting many of the scholars and Sufis of the city.[<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed">citation needed </a> ] From Baghdad they went to <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hejaz">Hejaz </a>and performed the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj">pilgrimage </a>at <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca">Mecca </a>. The migrating caravan then passed through <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus">Damascus </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malatya">Malatya </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erzincan">Erzincan </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivas">Sivas </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayseri">Kayseri </a>and <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigde">Nigde </a>. They finally settled in <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaman">Karaman </a>for seven years; Rumi's mother and brother both died there. In 1225, Rumi married Gowhar Khatun in Karaman. They had two sons: <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Walad">Sultan Walad </a>and Ala-eddin Chalabi. When his wife died, Rumi married again and had a son, Amir Alim Chalabi, and a daughter, Malakeh Khatun.

On 1 May 1228, most likely as a result of the insistent invitation of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayqubad_I">'Alā' ud-Dīn Key-Qobād </a>, ruler of Anatolia, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baha-ud-Din_Naqshband_Bukhari">Baha' ud-Din </a>came and finally settled in Konya in <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatolia">Anatolia </a>within the westernmost territories of the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seljuk_Sultanate_of_R%C3%BBm">Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm </a>.

Education and encounters with Shams-e Tabrizi

Baha' ud-Din became the head of a <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrassa">madrassa </a>(religious school) and when he died, Rumi, aged twenty-five, inherited his position as the Islamic molvi. One of Baha' ud-Din's students, Sayyed Burhan ud-Din Muhaqqiq Termazi, continued to train Rumi in the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shariah">Shariah </a>as well as the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariqa">Tariqa </a>, especially that of Rumi's father. For nine years, Rumi practised Sufism as a disciple of Burhan ud-Din until the latter died in 1240 or 1241. Rumi's public life then began: he became an Islamic Jurist, issuing <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatwas">fatwas </a>and giving sermons in the mosques of Konya. He also served as a Molvi (Islamic teacher) and taught his adherents in the madrassa.

During this period, Rumi also travelled to <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus">Damascus </a>and is said to have spent four years there.

It was his meeting with the dervish <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shams-e_Tabrizi">Shams-e Tabrizi </a>on 15 November 1244 that completely changed his life. From an accomplished teacher and jurist, Rumi was transformed into an ascetic.

Shams had travelled throughout the Middle East searching and praying for someone who could "endure my company". A voice said to him, "What will you give in return?" Shams replied, "My head!" The voice then said, "The one you seek is Jalal ud-Din of Konya." On the night of 5 December 1248, as Rumi and Shams were talking, Shams was called to the back door. He went out, never to be seen again. It is rumoured that Shams was murdered with the connivance of Rumi's son, 'Ala' ud-Din; if so, Shams indeed gave his head for the privilege of mystical friendship.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-54">[54] </a>

Rumi's love for, and his bereavement at the death of, Shams found their expression in an outpouring of lyric poems, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwan-e_Shams-e_Tabrizi">Divan-e Shams-e Tabrizi </a>. He himself went out searching for Shams and journeyed again to Damascus. There, he realised:

Why should I seek? I am the same as He. His essence speaks through me. I have been looking for myself!<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-55">[55] </a>

Mewlana had been spontaneously composing <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghazal">ghazals </a> (Persian poems), and these had been collected in the Divan-i Kabir or Diwan Shams Tabrizi. Rumi found another companion in Salaḥ ud-Din-e Zarkub, a goldsmith. After Salah ud-Din's death, Rumi's scribe and favourite student, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husam_al-Din_Chalabi">Hussam-e Chalabi </a>, assumed the role of Rumi's companion. One day, the two of them were wandering through the Meram vineyards outside Konya when Hussam described to Rumi an idea he had had: "If you were to write a book like the Ilāhīnāma of Sanai or the Mantiq ut-Tayr of 'Attar, it would become the companion of many troubadours. They would fill their hearts from your work and compose music to accompany it." Rumi smiled and took out a piece of paper on which were written the opening eighteen lines of his Masnavi , beginning with:

Listen to the reed and the tale it tells, How it sings of separation...<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-56">[56] </a>

Hussam implored Rumi to write more. Rumi spent the next twelve years of his life in Anatolia dictating the six volumes of this masterwork, the Masnavi , to Hussam.

In December 1273, Rumi fell ill; he predicted his own death and composed the well-known ghazal , which begins with the verse:

How doest thou know what sort of king I have within me as companion? Do not cast thy glance upon my golden face, for I have iron legs.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-57">[57] </a>

Rumi died on 17 December 1273 in <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konya">Konya </a>. His death was mourned by the diverse community of Konya, with local Christians and Jews joining the crowd that converged to bid farewell as his body was carried through the city.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-Mojaddedi-19-58">[58] </a> Rumi's body was interred beside that of his father, and a splendid shrine, the Yeşil Türbe (Green Tomb, قبه الخضراء; today the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevlana_Museum">Mevlâna Museum </a>), was erected over his place of burial. His epitaph reads:

When we are dead, seek not our tomb in the earth, but find it in the hearts of men.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-59">[59] </a>

Georgian princess and Seljuq queen <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurju_Khatun">Gurju Khatun </a>was a close friend of Rumi. She was the one who sponsored the construction of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevlana_Museum">his tomb </a>in <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konya">Konya </a>.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-60">[60] </a> The 13th century <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevlana_Museum">Mevlâna Mausoleum </a>, with its mosque, dance hall, schools and living quarters for dervishes, remains a destination of pilgrimage to this day, and is probably the most popular pilgrimage site to be regularly visited by adherents of every major religion.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-Mojaddedi-19-58">[58] </a>

Like other mystic and Sufi poets of Persian literature, Rumi's poetry speaks of love which infuses the world. Rumi's teachings also express the tenets summarized in the Quranic verse which Shams-e Tabrizi cited as the essence of prophetic guidance: "Know that ‘There is no god but He,’ and ask forgiveness for your sin" (Q. 47:19). In the interpretation attributed to Shams, the first part of the verse commands the humanity to seek knowledge of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawhid">tawhid </a> (oneness of God), while the second instructs them to negate their own existence. In Rumi's terms, tawhid is lived most fully through love, with the connection being made explicit in his verse that describes love as "that flame which, when it blazes up, burns away everything except the Everlasting Beloved."<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-61">[61] </a> Rumi's longing and desire to attain this ideal is evident in the following poem from his book the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masnavi">Masnavi </a>:<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-62">[62] </a>

از جمادی مُردم و نامی شدم وز نما مُردم به حیوان برزدم مُردم از حیوانی و آدم شدم پس چه ترسم کی ز مردن کم شدم؟ حملهٔ دیگر بمیرم از بشر تا برآرم از ملائک بال و پر وز ملک هم بایدم جستن ز جو کل شیء هالک الا وجهه بار دیگر از ملک پران شوم آنچ اندر وهم ناید آن شوم پس عدم گردم عدم چون ارغنون گویدم که انا الیه راجعون ‎

I died to the mineral state and became a plant, I died to the vegetal state and reached animality, I died to the animal state and became a man, Then what should I fear? I have never become less from dying. At the next charge (forward) I will die to human nature, So that I may lift up (my) head and wings (and soar) among the angels, And I must (also) jump from the river of (the state of) the angel, Everything perishes except His Face, Once again I will become sacrificed from (the state of) the angel, I will become that which cannot come into the imagination, Then I will become non-existent; non-existence says to me (in tones) like an organ, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inna_Lillahi_wa_inna_ilayhi_raji%27un">Truly, to Him is our return </a>.

The Masnavi weaves fables, scenes from everyday life, Qur'anic revelations and exegesis, and metaphysics into a vast and intricate tapestry.

Rumi believed passionately in the use of music, poetry and dance as a path for reaching God. For Rumi, music helped devotees to focus their whole being on the divine and to do this so intensely that the soul was both destroyed and resurrected. It was from these ideas that the practice of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufi_whirling">whirling Dervishes </a>developed into a ritual form. His teachings became the base for the order of the Mevlevi, which his son Sultan Walad organised. Rumi encouraged <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)">Sama </a>, listening to music and turning or doing the sacred dance. In the Mevlevi tradition, samāʿ represents a mystical journey of spiritual ascent through mind and love to the Perfect One. In this journey, the seeker symbolically turns towards the truth, grows through love, abandons the ego, finds the truth and arrives at the Perfect. The seeker then returns from this spiritual journey, with greater maturity, to love and to be of service to the whole of creation without discrimination with regard to beliefs, races, classes and nations.[<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed">citation needed </a> ]

In other verses in the Masnavi , Rumi describes in detail the universal message of love:

The lover's cause is separate from all other causes Love is the astrolabe of God's mysteries.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-63">[63] </a>

Rumi's favourite musical instrument was the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ney">ney </a>(reed flute).<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-BBC-Haviland-15">[15] </a>

<ul><li>Rumi's best-known work is the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masnavi">Maṭnawīye Ma'nawī </a> (Spiritual Couplets ; مثنوی معنوی ). The six-volume poem holds a distinguished place within the rich tradition of Persian Sufi literature, and has been commonly called "the Quran in Persian".<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-64">[64] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-65">[65] </a> Many commentators have regarded it as the greatest mystical poem in world literature.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-66">[66] </a> It contains approximately 27,000 lines,<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-67">[67] </a> each consisting of a couplet with an internal rhyme.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-Mojaddedi-19-58">[58] </a> While the mathnawi genre of poetry may use a variety of different metres, after Rumi composed his poem, the metre he used became the mathnawi metre par excellence . The first recorded use of this metre for a mathnawi poem took place at the Nizari Ismaili fortress of Girdkuh between 1131–1139. It likely set the stage for later poetry in this style by mystics such as Attar and Rumi.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-68">[68] </a> </li> </ul>

<ul><li>Rumi's other major work is the Dīwān-e Kabīr (Great Work ) or <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwan-e_Shams-e_Tabrizi">Dīwān-e Shams-e Tabrīzī </a> (The Works of Shams of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabriz">Tabriz </a> ; دیوان شمس تبریزی ), named in honour of Rumi's master <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shams_Tabraiz">Shams </a>. Besides approximately 35000 Persian couplets and 2000 Persian quatrains,<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-69">[69] </a> the Divan contains 90 Ghazals and 19 quatrains in Arabic,<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-70">[70] </a> a couple of dozen or so couplets in Turkish (mainly <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaronic_language">macaronic </a>poems of mixed Persian and Turkish)<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-71">[71] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-72">[72] </a> and 14 couplets in Greek (all of them in three macaronic poems of Greek-Persian).<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-73">[73] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-74">[74] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-75">[75] </a> </li> </ul>

<ul><li><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fihi_ma_fihi">Fihi Ma Fihi </a>(In It What's in It , Persian: فیه ما فیه) provides a record of seventy-one talks and lectures given by Rumi on various occasions to his disciples. It was compiled from the notes of his various disciples, so Rumi did not author the work directly.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-76">[76] </a> An English translation from the Persian was first published by <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.J._Arberry">A.J. Arberry </a>as Discourses of Rumi (New York: Samuel Weiser, 1972), and a translation of the second book by Wheeler Thackston, Sign of the Unseen (Putney, VT: Threshold Books, 1994). The style of the Fihi ma fihi is colloquial and meant for middle-class men and women, and lack the sophisticated wordplay.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-77">[77] </a> </li><li>Majāles-e Sab'a (Seven Sessions , Persian: مجالس سبعه ) contains seven Persian sermons (as the name implies) or lectures given in seven different assemblies. The sermons themselves give a commentary on the deeper meaning of Qur'an and <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith">Hadith </a>. The sermons also include quotations from poems of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sana%27i">Sana'i </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attar_of_Nishapur">'Attar </a>, and other poets, including Rumi himself. As Aflakī relates, after Shams-e Tabrīzī, Rumi gave sermons at the request of notables, especially Salāh al-Dīn Zarkūb. The style of Persian is rather simple, but quotation of Arabic and knowledge of history and the Hadith show Rumi's knowledge in the Islamic sciences. His style is typical of the genre of lectures given by Sufis and spiritual teachers.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-78">[78] </a> </li><li>Makatib (The Letters , Persian: مکاتیب) or Maktubat (مکتوبات ) is the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_collection">collection of letters </a>written in Persian by Rumi to his disciples, family members, and men of state and of influence. The letters testify that Rumi kept very busy helping family members and administering a community of disciples that had grown up around them. Unlike the Persian style of the previous two mentioned works (which are lectures and sermons), the letters are consciously sophisticated and epistolary in style, which is in conformity with the expectations of correspondence directed to nobles, statesmen and kings.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-79">[79] </a> </li> </ul>

Rumi belongs to the class of Islamic philosophers which include <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Arabi">Ibn Arabi </a>.[<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed">citation needed </a> ] These transcendental philosophers are often studied together in traditional schools of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irfan">irfan </a>, philosophy and theosophy throughout the Muslim world.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-80">[80] </a>

Rumi embeds his theosophy (transcendental philosophy) like a string through the beads of his poems and stories. His main point and emphasis is the unity of being.

It is undeniable that Rumi was a Muslim scholar and took Islam seriously. Nonetheless, the depth of his spiritual vision extended beyond narrow understanding sectarian concerns. One rubaiyat reads:

در راه طلب عاقل و دیوانه یکی است در شیوه‌ی عشق خویش و بیگانه یکی است آن را که شراب وصل جانان دادند در مذهب او کعبه و بتخانه یکی است ‎

On the seeker's path, wise men and fools are one. In His love, brothers and strangers are one. Go on! Drink the wine of the Beloved! In that faith, Muslims and pagans are one.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-81">[81] </a>

According to the Quran, Prophet Muhammad is a mercy sent by God to the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamin">Alamin </a>(to all worlds), including humanity overall.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-82">[82] </a> In regards to this, Rumi states:

"The Light of Muhammad does not abandon a Zoroastrian or Jew in the world. May the shade of his good fortune shine upon everyone! He brings all of those who are led astray into the Way out of the desert."<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-83">[83] </a>

Rumi, however, asserts the supremacy of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam">Islam </a>by stating:

"The Light of Muhammad has become a thousand branches (of knowledge), a thousand, so that both this world and the next have been seized from end to end. If Muhammad rips the veil open from a single such branch, thousands of monks and priests will tear the string of false belief from around their waists."<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-84">[84] </a>

Many of Rumi's poems suggest the importance of outward religious observance and the primacy of the Qur'an.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-85">[85] </a>

Flee to God's Qur'an, take refuge in it there with the spirits of the prophets merge. The Book conveys the prophets' circumstances those fish of the pure sea of Majesty.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-86">[86] </a>

I am the servant of the Qur'an as long as I have life. I am the dust on the path of Muhammad, the Chosen one. If anyone quotes anything except this from my sayings, I am quit of him and outraged by these words.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-87">[87] </a>

"I "sewed" my two eyes shut from [desires for] this world and the next – this I learned from Muhammad."<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-88">[88] </a>

On the first page of the Masnavi, Rumi states:

"Hadha kitâbu 'l- mathnawîy wa huwa uSûlu uSûli uSûli 'd-dîn wa kashshâfu 'l-qur'ân." "This is the book of the Masnavi, and it is the roots of the roots of the roots of the (Islamic) Religion and it is the Explainer of the Qur'ân."<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-89">[89] </a>

<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadi_Sabzavari">Hadi Sabzavari </a>, one of Iran's most important 19th-century philosophers, makes the following connection between the Masnavi and Islam, in the introduction to his philosophical commentary on the book:

It is a commentary on the versified exegesis [of the Qur’ān] and its occult mystery, since all of it [all of the Mathnawī] is, as you will see, an elucidation of the clear verses [of the Qur’ān], a clarification of prophetic utterances, a glimmer of the light of the luminous Qur’ān, and burning embers irradiating their rays from its shining lamp. As respects to hunting through the treasure-trove of the Qur’ān, one can find in it [the Mathnawī] all [the Qur’ān's] ancient philosophical wisdom; it [the Mathnawī] is all entirely eloquent philosophy. In truth, the pearly verse of the poem combines the Canon Law of Islam (<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia">sharīʿa </a>) with the Sufi Path (<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariqa">ṭarīqa </a>) and the Divine Reality (<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haqiqa">ḥaqīqa </a>); the author's [Rūmī] achievement belongs to God in his bringing together of the Law (sharīʿa), the Path, and the Truth in a way that includes critical intellect, profound thought, a brilliant natural temperament, and integrity of character that is endowed with power, insight, inspiration, and illumination.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-90">[90] </a>

One of the greatest living authorities on Rûmî in Persia today, Hâdî Hâ'irî, has shown in an unpublished work that some 6,000 verses of the Dîwân and the Mathnawî are practically direct translations of Qur'ânic verses into Persian poetry.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-91">[91] </a>

Rumi states in his <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwan_(poetry)">Dīwān </a>:

The Sufi is hanging on to Muhammad, like <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr">Abu Bakr </a>.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-92">[92] </a>

His <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masnavi">Masnavi </a>contains anecdotes and stories derived largely from the Quran and the hadith, as well as everyday tales.

<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahram_Shiva">Shahram Shiva </a>asserts that "Rumi is able to verbalise the highly personal and often confusing world of personal growth and development in a very clear and direct fashion. He does not offend anyone, and he includes everyone.... Today Rumi's poems can be heard in churches, synagogues, Zen monasteries, as well as in the downtown New York art/performance/music scene."

To many modern Westerners, his teachings are one of the best introductions to the philosophy and practice of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufism">Sufism </a>. In the West <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahram_Shiva">Shahram Shiva </a>has been teaching, performing and sharing the translations of the poetry of Rumi for nearly twenty years and has been instrumental in spreading Rumi's legacy in the English-speaking parts of the world.

According to Professor Majid M. Naini,<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-93">[93] </a> "Rumi's life and transformation provide true testimony and proof that people of all religions and backgrounds can live together in peace and harmony. Rumi’s visions, words, and life teach us how to reach inner peace and happiness so we can finally stop the continual stream of hostility and hatred and achieve true global peace and harmony.”

Rumi's work has been translated into many of the world's languages, including Russian, German, Urdu, Turkish, Arabic, Bengali, French, Italian, and Spanish, and is being presented in a growing number of formats, including concerts, workshops, readings, dance performances, and other artistic creations.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-94">[94] </a> The English interpretations of Rumi's poetry by <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coleman_Barks">Coleman Barks </a>have sold more than half a million copies worldwide,<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-95">[95] </a> and Rumi is one of the most widely read poets in the United States.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-96">[96] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahram_Shiva">Shahram Shiva </a>book "Rending the Veil: Literal and Poetic Translations of Rumi" (1995, HOHM Press) is the recipient of the Benjamin Franklin Award.

Recordings of Rumi poems have made it to the USA's Billboard's Top 20 list. A selection of American author <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepak_Chopra">Deepak Chopra </a>'s editing of the translations by Fereydoun Kia of Rumi's love poems has been performed by Hollywood personalities such as <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)">Madonna </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldie_Hawn">Goldie Hawn </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Glass">Philip Glass </a>and <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demi_Moore">Demi Moore </a>.

Rumi and his mausoleum were depicted on the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obverse_and_reverse">reverse </a>of the 5000 Turkish lira banknotes of 1981–1994.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-97">[97] </a>

There is a famous landmark in <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_India">Northern India </a>, known as <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi_Gate">Rumi Gate </a>, situated in <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow">Lucknow </a>(the capital of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh </a>) named for Rumi. Indian filmmaker <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffar_Ali">Muzaffar Ali </a>who is from Lucknow made a documentary, titled Rumi in the Land of Khusrau (2001), which presents concerts based on the works of Rumi and <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amir_Khusrau">Amir Khusrau </a>and highlights parallels between the lives of the poets.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-98">[98] </a>

پارسی گو گرچه تازی خوشتر است — عشق را خود صد زبان دیگر است

Say it in Persian although in Arabic sounds better—Love, however, has its own many other dialects

These cultural, historical and linguistic ties between Rumi and <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran">Iran </a>have made Rumi an iconic Iranian poet, and some of the most important Rumi scholars including Foruzanfar, Naini, Sabzewari, etc., have come from modern Iran.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-Franklin_Lewis_2000-99">[99] </a> Rumi's poetry is displayed on the walls of many cities across <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran">Iran </a>, sung in Persian music,<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-Franklin_Lewis_2000-99">[99] </a> and read in school books.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-100">[100] </a>

Rumi's poetry forms the basis of much classical <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Iran">Iranian </a>and <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Afghanistan">Afghan </a>music.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-101">[101] </a> <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-102">[102] </a> Contemporary classical interpretations of his poetry are made by <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Reza_Shajarian">Muhammad Reza Shajarian </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahram_Nazeri">Shahram Nazeri </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davood_Azad">Davood Azad </a>(the three from Iran) and <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustad_Mohammad_Hashem_Cheshti">Ustad Mohammad Hashem Cheshti </a>(Afghanistan).

The Mewlewī Sufi order was founded in 1273 by Rumi's followers after his death.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-103">[103] </a> His first successor in the rectorship of the order was "<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husam_al-Din_Chalabi">Husam Chalabi </a>" himself, after whose death in 1284 Rumi's younger and only surviving son, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Walad">Sultan Walad </a>(died 1312), popularly known as author of the mystical Maṭnawī Rabābnāma , or the Book of the Rabab was installed as grand master of the order.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-104">[104] </a> The leadership of the order has been kept within Rumi's family in Konya uninterruptedly since then.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-105">[105] </a> The Mewlewī Sufis, also known as Whirling Dervishes, believe in performing their <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhikr">dhikr </a> in the form of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)">Sama </a>. During the time of Rumi (as attested in the Manāqib ul-Ārefīn of Aflākī), his followers gathered for musical and "turning" practices.

According to tradition, Rumi was himself a notable musician who played the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebab">robāb </a>, although his favourite instrument was the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ney">ney </a> or reed flute.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-order-106">[106] </a> The music accompanying the samāʿ consists of settings of poems from the Maṭnawī and Dīwān-e Kabīr , or of Sultan Walad's poems.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-order-106">[106] </a> The Mawlawīyah was a well-established Sufi order in the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman Empire </a>, and many of the members of the order served in various official positions of the Caliphate. The centre for the Mevlevi was in Konya. There is also a Mewlewī monastery (درگاه , dargāh ) in <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul">Istanbul </a>near the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galata_Tower">Galata Tower </a>in which the samāʿ is performed and accessible to the public. The Mewlewī order issues an invitation to people of all backgrounds:

Come, come, whoever you are, Wanderer, idolater, worshiper of fire, Come even though you have broken your vows a thousand times, Come, and come yet again. Ours is not a caravan of despair. <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-107">[107] </a>

During Ottoman times, the Mevlevi produced a number of notable poets and musicians, including Sheikh Ghalib, Ismail Rusuhi Dede of Ankara, Esrar Dede, Halet Efendi, and Gavsi Dede, who are all buried at the Galata Mewlewī Khāna (Turkish: Mevlevi-Hane ) in Istanbul.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-108">[108] </a> Music, especially that of the ney, plays an important part in the Mevlevi.

With the foundation of the modern, secular <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Turkey">Republic of Turkey </a>, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk </a>removed religion from the sphere of public policy and restricted it exclusively to that of personal morals, behaviour and faith. On 13 December 1925, a law was passed closing all the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanqah">tekke </a> s (dervish lodges) and zāwiyas (chief dervish lodges), and the centres of veneration to which visits (ziyārat ) were made. Istanbul alone had more than 250 tekke s as well as small centres for gatherings of various fraternities; this law dissolved the Sufi Orders, prohibited the use of mystical names, titles and costumes pertaining to their titles, impounded the Orders' assets, and banned their ceremonies and meetings. The law also provided penalties for those who tried to re-establish the Orders. Two years later, in 1927, the Mausoleum of Mevlâna in Konya was allowed to reopen as a Museum.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-109">[109] </a>

In the 1950s, the Turkish government began allowing the Whirling Dervishes to perform once a year in Konya. The Mewlānā festival is held over two weeks in December; its culmination is on 17 December, the Urs of Mewlānā (anniversary of Rumi's death), called Šabe Arūs (شب عروس) (Persian meaning "nuptial night"), the night of Rumi's union with God.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-urs-110">[110] </a> In 1974, the Whirling Dervishes were permitted to travel to the West for the first time. In 2005, <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO">UNESCO </a>proclaimed "The <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevlevi_Order">Mevlevi </a><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)">Sama </a>Ceremony" of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey">Turkey </a>as one of the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masterpieces_of_the_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage_of_Humanity">Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity </a>.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi#cite_note-111">[111] </a>

Rumi Quotes

RÛMÎ

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