20% of people identify themselves as chronic procrastinators. For them, procrastination is a lifestyle, albeit a maladaptive one. 

It cuts across all domains of their lives. They don't pay bills on time. They miss opportunities for buying tickets to concerts. 

Procrastinators actively look for distractions, particularly ones that don't take a lot of commitment on their part. 

Checking e-mail is almost perfect for this purpose. They distract themselves as a way of regulating their emotions such as

• "I'll feel more like doing this tomorrow." Or "I work best under pressure." They do not get the urge the next day or work best under pressure. 
• Another big lie is that time pressure makes them more creative. Unfortunately, they do not turn out to be more creative; they only fe...

It is one response to an authoritarian parenting style. Having a harsh, controlling father keeps children from developing the ability to regulate themselves.

• Arousal types, or thrill-seekers, who wait until the last minute for the euphoric rush.
• Avoiders, who may be avoiding the fear of failure or even fear of success; they would rather have others think they lack effort than ability.
• Decisional procrastinators

Procrastinators can change their behavior. It doesn't necessarily mean one feels transformed internally. It can be done with highly structured cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Procrastinators are not different in their ability to estimate time, although they are more optimistic than others.

Telling someone who procrastinates to buy a weekly planner is like telling someone with chronic depression to just cheer up.

• Health. Just over the course of a single academic term, procrastinating college students had such evidence of compromised immune systems as more colds and flu, more gastrointestinal problems. And they had insomnia. 
• Procrastination has a high cost to others as well a...