Under stress, your liver produces extra blood sugar (<a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/glucose">glucose </a>) to give you a boost of energy. If you’re under chronic stress, your body may not be able to keep up with this extra glucose surge. Chronic stress may increase your risk of developing <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/diabetes-and-stress">type 2 diabetes </a>.

High Blood Sugar

Stress stimulates the immune system, which can be a plus for immediate situations. This stimulation can help you avoid infections and heal wounds. But over time, stress hormones will weaken your immune system and reduce your body’s response to foreign invaders. People under chronic stress are more susceptible to viral illnesses like the <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/cold-flu/flu">flu </a>and the <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/cold-flu/cold">common cold </a>, as well as other infections. Stress can also increase the time it takes you to recover from an illness or injury..

Stress And The Immune System

This image has a list of physical effects that are caused by stress.

Physical Effects Of Stress?

It’s not unusual to lose your desire when you’re under constant stress. While short-term stress may cause men to produce more of the male hormone testosterone, this effect doesn’t last, as long term stress can see begin to drop. This can interfere with sperm production and cause <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/erectile-dysfunction-anxiety-stress">erectile dysfunction </a>/ impotence. Chronic stress may also increase risk of infection for male reproductive organs like the prostate and testes.For women, stress can affect the menstrual cycle. It can lead to irregular, heavier, or more painful periods. Chronic stress can also magnify the physical symptoms of <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/menopause">menopause </a>

Reproductive System

Stress is a natural physical and mental reaction to life experiences. Everyone expresses <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/whats-your-stress-type">stress </a>from time to time. Anything from everyday responsibilities like work and family to serious life events such as a new diagnosis, war, or the death of a loved one can trigger stress. For immediate, short-term situations, stress can be <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/benefits-of-stress-you-didnt-know-about">beneficial to your health</a>. It can help you cope with potentially serious situations. Your body responds to stress by releasing hormones that increase your heart and breathing rates and ready your muscles to respond.

What Is Stress?

During the stress response, you breathe faster in an effort to quickly distribute oxygen-rich blood to your body. If you already have a breathing problem like <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/asthma">asthma </a>or <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/emphysema">emphysema </a>, stress can make it even harder to breathe.Under stress, your heart also pumps faster. Stress hormones cause your blood vessels to constrict and divert more oxygen to your muscles so you’ll have more strength to take action. But this also raises your blood pressure.So, frequent/ chronic stress will make your heart work too hard for too long. When blood pressure rises, so do risks for having a <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/stroke-treatment-and-timing/risk-factors">stroke</a>/ <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-attack">heart attack </a>

Stress Hormones And Respiratory And Cardiovascular Systems

Your muscles tense up to protect themselves from injury when you’re stressed. They tend to release again once you relax, but if you’re constantly under stress, your muscles may not get the chance to relax. Tight muscles cause headaches, back and <a href="https://www.healthline.com/symptom/shoulder-pain">shoulder </a>pain, and body aches. Over time, this can set off an unhealthy cycle as you stop exercising and turn to pain medication for relief.

Muscle Pain

You’re sitting in traffic, late for an important meeting, watching the minutes tick away. Your hypothalamus, a tiny control tower in your brain, decides to send out the order: Send in the stress hormones! These stress hormones are the same ones that trigger your body’s “fight or flight” response. Your heart races, your breath quickens, and your muscles ready for action. This response was designed to protect your body in an emergency by preparing you to react quickly. But when the stress response keeps firing, day after day, it could put your health at serious risk.

Background 

The rush of hormones, rapid breathing, and increased heart rate can also upset your <a href="https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/digestive-system">digestive system </a>. You’re more likely to have heartburn or <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/gerd/stress">acid reflux </a>thanks to an increase in stomach acid. Stress doesn’t cause ulcers (a bacterium called H. pylori often does), but it can increase your risk for them and cause existing ulcers to act up. Stress can also affect the way food moves through your body, leading to <a href="https://www.healthline.com/symptom/diarrhea">diarrhea </a>or <a href="https://www.healthline.com/symptom/constipation">constipation </a>. You might also experience <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/nausea-and-vomiting">nausea </a>, vomiting, or a <a href="https://www.healthline.com/symptom/abdominal-pain">stomachache </a>.

How Stress Can Affect The Digestive System

Your central nervous system (CNS) is in charge of your “fight or flight” response. In your brain, the hypothalamus gets the ball rolling, telling your adrenal glands to release the stress hormones adrenaline and <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/cortisol-urine">cortisol </a>. These hormones rev up your heartbeat and send blood rushing to the areas that need it most in an emergency, such as your muscles, heart, and other important organs. When the perceived fear is gone, the hypothalamus should tell all systems to go back to normal. If the CNS fails to return to normal, or if the stressor doesn’t go away, the response will continue.

The Science Behind Stress

Temporary stress can induce a short fight or flight response, but chronic stress can cause permanent damage to our heath. As someone who has not been relaxing at all due to the heat of mock exams, university interviews, intense revision plus a never-ending to-do list, I decided to read this article to deter me from pressurising myself and force myself to pause and make a better system for me.

Constant stress can increase your risk for long-term health issues like heart attack and diabetes. Learn the toll stress can take on the body.