Cost

When blockchain was first envisioned, one key attraction was costless transactions. It turns out to be very expensive and energy-intensive.  However, there is a huge shift towards using more eco-friendly methods of natural gas, hydroelectric, wind and solar projects rising to power crypto mining.

At a granular level, there is a shift toward decentralised apps that use very little code on the blockchain to restrict transaction costs, and startups work on ways to monetise the network to offset those costs.