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One of the risks associated with foundation models is their ever-increasing scale. Neural networks such as Google’s T5-11b (open sourced in 2019) already require a cluster of expensive GPUs simply to load and make predictions. Fine-tuning these systems requires even more resources.
More recent models created in 2021-2022 by Google/Microsoft/OpenAI are often so large that these companies are not releasing them as open source – they now require tens of millions of dollars to create and are increasingly viewed as significant IP investments even for these large companies.
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The use of pre-trained networks allows a startup, for example, to build a product with much less data and compute resources than would otherwise be needed if starting from scratch. This approach is also becoming popular in academia, where researchers can quickly fine-tune a pre-trained network fo...
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The opportunities and risk around using hosted and pre-trained models has led many companies to leverage cloud APIs in the “experimentation phase” to kickstart product development.
Once a company has determined it has a product-market fit, it...
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Dataset alignment can also be a challenge for those using foundation models. Pre-training on a large general-purpose dataset is no guarantee that the network will be able to perform a new task on proprietary data. The network may be so lacking in context or biased based on its pre-training, that ...
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Some neural networks are very expensive to train. This led to the popularization of an approach known as pre-training, whereby a neural network is first trained on a large general-purpose dataset using significant amounts of computational resources, and then fine-tuned ...
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