Most people believe that we learn by rereading passages until we can say them with our eyes closed. Or that we are born with a certain set of skills and must utilize those skills in life but that is false. With the right practice and tools anyone can learn anything. Retrieval is the better way of learning the act of retrieval helps strengthen it.

Rethinking How We Learn 

Spaced practice doesn't mean doing it over and over again it means doing it now once and let time go by and then do it again

Big Idea From The Book

<ul><li>Do some of your work consciously</li><li>Think about how it relates to other things</li><li>Wrestle with the idea in your mind</li><li>Explain it to someone</li><li>Take notes on it or connect it to other maps</li><li>Do anything to make that new idea connect with other ideas in your brain</li></ul>

How You Help New Knowledge Go Into Long Term Memory

When you struggle to retrieve information and you find the answer you strengthen your understanding and memory of that point and are able to use it in many situations

Learning is really about being able to use knowledge when you need it most.

<ul><li>Chunking is great for retention</li><li>Stimulate your brain by proper diet and foot and rest</li><li>Choose growth mindset other than fixed mindset</li></ul>

Effective Learning Practices and Skills

Most people believe that when you understand something right away you are learning better that is not the caseLearning is not easy here is why<ul><li>It requires you to seek ideas, patterns and rules</li><li>It requires extensive Cognitive Load</li></ul>

Embrace Difficulty

The biggest myth about learning is that learning happens with you consistently do the same action or read the same passage over and over again. Science on the other hand states that learning happens when we try to get new knowledge out of our head

Biggest Myth About Learning 

If you want to learn Retrival is keyThe act of retrieving information especially when it is difficult to do increases the change that it sticks in your brain Retrival is the most effective way to learn <ul><li>Use Quizzes </li><li>Searching for the answer in your brain</li><li>Making mistakes and then correcting them</li></ul>When it’s hard to Retrival information it increases retention

Retrieval Is The Key To Learning 

A study was conducted that had two different baseball players practice hitting the ball.<ul><li>One of them practiced the same style over and over and switched every 15 hits</li><li>The other players had varied styles over 45 different attemps</li></ul>The Players who varied there practice did far superior than the ones who didn't

MIX Up Your Practice

Three things you can do to learn anything faster<ol><li>Create self-quizzes to retrieve more often</li><li>Reflect on my asking many questions</li><li>Empty Recall: Create a empty sheet and dump all the information you learned</li></ol>

Actionable Points

Learning is not as quick as many people believe to learn something new you must go through a series of steps including<ol><li>Storing: This is the art of storing information in your short term memory</li><li>Consolidation: learning over a long period of time typically overnight</li></ol>

Learning Takes More Time Than Most People Think 

Handpicked sources to help you adapt to the mindset of lifelong learners

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Lifelong Learners

We all want to be sucessful in our lives. Learning is the single most important way to get ahead in life. This book helped me seeing learning in a whole new light.

Discusses the best methods of learning, describing how rereading and rote repetition are counterproductive and how such techniques as self-testing, spaced retrieval, and finding additional layers of information in new material can enhance learning.

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To most of us, learning something "the hard way" implies wasted time and effort. Good teaching, we believe, should be creatively tailored to the different learning styles of students and should use strategies that make learning easier. Make It Stick turns fashionable ideas like these on their head. Drawing on recent discoveries in cognitive psychology and other disciplines, the authors offer concrete techniques for becoming more productive learners. Memory plays a central role in our ability to carry out complex cognitive tasks, such as applying knowledge to problems never before encountered and drawing inferences from facts already known. New insights into how memory is encoded, consolidated, and later retrieved have led to a better understanding of how we learn. Grappling with the impediments that make learning challenging leads both to more complex mastery and better retention of what was learned. Many common study habits and practice routines turn out to be counterproductive. Underlining and highlighting, rereading, cramming, and single-minded repetition of new skills create the illusion of mastery, but gains fade quickly. More complex and durable learning come from self-testing, introducing certain difficulties in practice, waiting to re-study new material until a little forgetting has set in, and interleaving the practice of one skill or topic with another. Speaking most urgently to students, teachers, trainers, and athletes, Make It Stick will appeal to all those interested in the challenge of lifelong learning and self-improvement.

Peter C. Brown is a writer and former management consultant.

Peter C. Brown

Henry L. Roediger III is James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Psychology at Washington University in St. Louis.

Henry L. Roediger III

Mark A. McDaniel is Professor of Psychology and Director of the Center for Integrative Research on Cognition, Learning, and Education (CIRCLE) at Washington University in St. Louis.

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