The Stoics beginning with Zeno (the founder of the Stoic philosophy) arranged the passions under four headings:

• Distress - an irrational contraction, or a fresh opinion that something bad is present, at which people think it right to be depressed
• Fear - an irrational aversion, or avoidance of an expected danger
• Lust - an irrational desire, or pursuit of an expected good but in reality bad
• Delight - an irrational swelling, or a fresh opinion that something good is present, at which people think it right to be elated