Mathematically, thermal expansion is described using the coefficient of thermal expansion (α), which quantifies how a material's size changes with temperature. The formula for linear thermal expansion, which applies to one-dimensional changes in length, is as follows:
ΔL = α * L * ΔT
Where:
ΔL is the change in length of the material.
α (alpha) is the coefficient of linear thermal expansion, typically given in units of per degree Celsius (°C)^(-1) or per degree Fahrenheit (°F)^(-1).
L is the original length of the material.
ΔT is the change in temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F).
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Interval scales have equal intervals between values but no true zero, while ratio scales have a true zero, allowing for a full range of mathematical operations.
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