<ul><li>Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): Involves controlled electrical stimulation to provide rapid relief for severe depression, usually under anesthesia, with potential short-term memory loss as a side effect.</li><li>Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS): A non-invasive procedure using magnetic fields to stimulate brain areas involved in mood regulation, offering a promising option for those who don't respond to typical treatments, with minimal side effects.</li></ul>

Advanced Treatments

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<ul><li>Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting nearly 10% of adults in the U.S.</li><li>It’s more than just feeling down—it’s a clinical disorder that can significantly impact life. Here’s what you need to know:</li></ul>

Understanding Depression

<ul><li>Feeling Down: Temporary sadness due to events like losing a job or an argument. It often fades with time.</li><li>Clinical Depression: Persistent for over two weeks, affecting work, relationships, and daily activities.</li></ul>

Key Differences

<ul><li>Low mood and interest</li><li>Appetite changes</li><li>Sleep disturbances</li><li>Feelings of worthlessness</li><li>Concentration issues</li><li>Energy loss</li><li>Suicidal thoughts</li></ul>

Symptoms:

Depression affects brain structure and chemistry, influencing neurotransmitters like serotonin, and hormones like cortisol.

Physical Impacts

Despite its complexity, depression can be effectively treated. Options include:<ul><li>Medications & Therapy: These work together to balance brain chemicals.</li><li>Advanced Treatments: Electroconvulsive therapy and new methods like transcranial magnetic stimulation.</li></ul>

Treatment

<ul><li>Medications: Antidepressants balance brain neurotransmitters to alleviate depression symptoms, often requiring time for effectiveness.</li><li>Therapy: Psychotherapy, especially Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), helps change negative thought patterns and improve coping strategies, enhancing treatment outcomes.</li></ul>

Medications & Therapy

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Discover the hidden signs of depression doctors don't discuss!

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-is-depression-helen-m-farrell

Depression is the leading cause of disability in the world; in the United States, close to ten percent of adults struggle with the disease. But because it’s a mental illness, it can be a lot harder to understand than, say, high cholesterol. Helen M. Farrell examines the symptoms and treatments of depression, and gives some tips for how you might help a friend who is suffering.

Lesson by Helen M. Farrell, animation by Artrake Studio.

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