What is depression? - Helen M. Farrell

• Feeling Down: Temporary sadness due to events like losing a job or an argument. It often fades with time.
• Clinical Depression: Persistent for over two weeks, affecting work, relationships, and daily activities.

• Low mood and interest
• Appetite changes
• Sleep disturbances
• Feelings of worthlessness
• Concentration issues
• Energy loss
• Suicidal thoughts

Depression affects brain structure and chemistry, influencing neurotransmitters like serotonin, and hormones like cortisol.

Despite its complexity, depression can be effectively treated. Options include:

• Medications & Therapy: These work together to balance brain chemicals.
• Advanced Treatments: Electroconvulsive therapy and new methods like transcranial magnetic stimulation.

• Medications: Antidepressants balance brain neurotransmitters to alleviate depression symptoms, often requiring time for effectiveness.
• Therapy: Psychotherapy, especially Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), helps change negative thought patterns and improve coping strategies, enhancing treatment outcomes.

• Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): Involves controlled electrical stimulation to provide rapid relief for severe depression, usually under anesthesia, with potential short-term memory loss as a side effect.
• Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS): A non-invasive procedure using magnetic fields to stimulate brain areas involved in mood regulation, offering a promising option for those who don't respond to typical treatments, with minimal side effects.

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