Behaviorism
Psychology changed significantly during the early 20th century. Behaviorism rose to dominance and rejected the emphasis on both the conscious and unconscious mind.
- Behaviorism aimed to make psychology a more scientific discipline by focusing only on observable behavior.
- Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov proposed that behaviors could be learned through conditioned associations.
- Psychologist John B. Watson outlined the basic principles of behaviorism in his 1913 paper 'Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It.'
- Psychologist B.F. Skinner furthered the behaviorist perspective of operant conditioning, which showed the effect of punishment and reinforcement on behavior.
- Behavioral psychology is still used in therapeutic techniques such as behavior analysis, behavioral modification, and token economies. Conditioning is used in situations ranging from parenting to education.
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The Behaviourist School of Thought
- Behaviourism suggests that all behaviours can be explained by environmental causes. It includes classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
- This school of thought became dominant in the 1950s and had a significant influence on the course of psychology.
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