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Carina
@carina85
Steps Of the Nitrogen Cycle
- Nitrogen (N2) is converted in ammonia (NH3) by bacteria in water and soil, and subsequently converted into nitrite and its derivatives.
- Plants get nitrogen from the soil through the roots, producing organic compounds.
- Animals absorb nitrogen by eating the plants.
- Decomposed plants and animals, along with the solid waste return nitrogen into the soil.
- Bacteria convert ammonia into nitrite and nitrate.
- These compounds are then converted into pure nitrogen by nitrifying bacteria, taking it back into the atmosphere.
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Mohamed Byrne
@mbyrne20
Photosynthesis is the key to life
Photosynthesis is a way to store stable energy.
Ancient bacteria used a thermal-sensing pigment called bacteriochlorophyll to detect the infrared signal generated by heat...
Burning Water (Photosystem II)
The process of capturing and storing sunlight meant that ancient bacteria had to burn water. The method of burning is only oxidation - tearing off of electrons from one atom and transferring those electrons to another.
Early photosynthetic bacteria captured the photons and used their energy to strip water of many of its protons and electrons to use for energy production. Later, chlorophyll could split two water molecules at the same time. We call this a Photosystem II chlorophyll-protein cluster.
Green Batteries (Photosystem I)
The Photosystem II (water burning) can't keep going without the second stage Photosystem I. It involves taking the electrons that are stripped from the water molecules in the first step and using them before they decay.
Photosystem I keeps the hard-earned energy by sticking these electrons on a chemical assembly line. It is then used to convert CO2 into sugar that bacteria can use as food.
Yasin B
@yasinb
How does the Moon affect life on Earth?
The Influence of the Moon
There are three ways as to how the moon can affect life on earth:
- Time
- Tide
- Light
The moon has...
The Moon and its effect on creatures
- Sand Hoppers: These are crustaceans that have two compasses (sun compass in their brain, moon compass in their antennae) that help them stay buried during the day and forage at night.
- Corals: The lunar timing helps corals in the Great Barrier Reef spawn, so significantly that the changes can be seen in space.
- Barau's Petrel: These are endangered seabirds that use the moon and the length of the day to synchronize migrations.
The Moon and the tides
The tidal range is one of the most significant and observable effects the Moon has on Earth.
It has been shown in studies that the animals who habitat in coasts and seashores such as limpets, were found to be stronger than any man-made material ever made due to their remarkable adaptability to survive in ever-changing conditions.
Kieron L
@kieronl
Aurora Borealis: What Causes the Northern Lights & Where to See Them
The northern lights, or aurora borealis
The magnetic fields of the sun distort and twist as the Earth rotates on its axis. When these fields become knotted together, they create sunspots. Usually, these sunspots occur in pairs.
A...
Auroras on other worlds
Auroras also occur on planets such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. These gas giants have thick atmospheres and strong magnetic fields. These auroras are a little different from Earth's as they are formed under different conditions.
Venus has an aurora generated by its magnetotail. Mars experiences local auroras due to magnetic fields in the crust. There are also northern hemisphere auroras caused by particles hitting the Maritan atmosphere.
Cycles and particles
Northern lights occur roughly every eleven years. Record-keeping of the sun's activity began in 1749. Since then, there have been 22 full cycles.
Particles ejected from the sun travel 93 million miles toward Earth before they are drawn toward the magnetic north and south poles. As the particles move through the Earth's magnetic shield, they mix with the oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements that result in the display of lights.
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