Evaporative cooling
- 1720s. Scottish doctor William Cullen saw that evaporation had a cooling effect.
- 1748. Cullen demonstrated his ideas by evaporating ethyl ether in a vacuum.
- 1805. Oliver Evans designed a refrigeration machine that used vapor instead of liquid.
- 1820. English scientist Micahel Faraday used liquefied ammonia for cooling.
- 1835. Jacob Perkins, who worked with Evans, patented a vapor-compression cycle using liquid ammonia.
- 1842. John Gorrie, an American doctor, built a machine similar to Evans's design to artificially create ice and cool down patients with yellow fever.
- New and improved refrigeration ideas continued to be developed, including Albert Einstein's idea of an environmentally friendly refrigerator with no moving parts that did not rely on electricity.
- By 1920, refrigerators were considered essential in American homes.
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