Laughter as a method of bonding
Laughter is a form of social bonding because it is contagious and allows us to show that we are non-threatening.
We laugh when we see or hear something funny. We laugh to show that we are being silly.
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Many anthropologists believe that language existed and evolved in the past few thousand years, but there is evidence suggesting that laughter arose from millions of years ago because we share the same structure of laughter with the great apes.
From a historical perspective it is ironic that tickling in the modern era is considered to be a way to bond for parents and their children because a few centuries back tickling was a form of punishment.
Thanks to evolution laughter became a way for people to enjoy each other's company without any danger or injuries.
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Coffee beans are first softened in hot water or steam. Then caffeine is dissolved from the beans by using a solvent such as methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, or a gentler solvent such as water itself.
Liquid carbon dioxide is a much more expensive alternative, but has the added advantage that it does not remove the flavour molecules.
Marketers promote juice cleanses as a way to get rid of toxic overload, regaining balance after a period of unhealthful eating, or jump-starting wholesome habits.
But juice cleanses and liquid detox diets are not a healthful or safe approach to weight loss. There's no scientific research that it provides benefits in the short or long term, and it's not an overall healthy approach to eating.
Refrigeration is the action of creating cooling conditions by removing heat. It is used for preserving food by slowing bacteria growth.
- Around 1000BC, the Chinese used to cut and store ice.
- Five hundred years later, the Egyptians and Indians left earthenware pots out during cold nights to make ice.
- In the 17th century, it was found that saltpeter dissolved in water creates cooling conditions.
- In the 18th century, Europeans collected ice in winter, salted it, wrapped it in flannel, and stored it underground for months. Ice was even shipped around the world.
- People also used cool cellars or placed goods underwater.
- Others built ice boxes out of wood, lined with tin or zinc, and insulated with cork, sawdust, or seaweed, and filled with snow or ice.