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Personality Psychology: Major Theories
- Biological Theories suggest genetics are responsible for personality traits.
- Behavioural Theories suggest that personality is the result of interaction between the individual and the environment.
- Psychodynamic Theories of personality emphasize the influence of the unconscious mind and childhood experiences on personality.
- Humanist Theories emphasize the importance of free will and individual experience in the development of personality.
- Trait Theories think personality is made up of several broad traits.
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Personality Psychology: Research Models
- Experimental methods are used by researchers to control and manipulate the variables of interests and then to measure the results. The ideas are internal, abstract, and difficult to measure.
- Case studies and self-report methods. Case studies rely o...
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Key Characteristics of Personality
- Personality is organized and consistent.
- Personality is generally stable, but the environment can influence it. A shy personality in social situations might take charge and be more outspoken in an emergency.
- Personality causes beha...
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Trait Theories
A trait is a stable characteristic or "blueprint" that causes specific behavioural patterns.
- The three dimensions of personality: extroversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism.
- Later researchers suggested five dimensio...
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Personality Psychology: Important Terminology
- Classical conditioning: A behavioural technique where a natural stimulus is paired with a previously neutral stimulus. The previously neutral stimulus eventually cause the response without pairing it to the natural stimulus.
- Operant conditioning: A...
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Defining Personality
While we often talk about personality, psychologists disagree on what exactly constitutes personality.
Personality is then broadly defined as the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that originate within the person and make a person unique.
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Famous Figures in Psychology
- Sigmund Freud: He was the founder of psychoanalytic theory. His theories emphasised the unconscious mind, childhood experience, dreams, and symbolism.
- Erik Erikson: He was an ego psychologist. His theory of psychosocial stages describes the develop...
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More like this
2. Psychodynamic Theories
Psychodynamic theories, popularized by Sigmund Freud, emphasize the role of unconscious processes and early childhood experiences in shaping personality. According to Freud, personality is composed of three parts: the id, ego, and superego, which interact to produce behavior.
3. Behavioral Theories
Behavioral theories of personality emphasize the influence of learning and environmental factors on personality development. These theories focus on observable behaviors and how they are shaped by reinforcement, punishment, and social learning processes.
Psychoanalysis
- Austrian physician Sigmund Freud proposed a theory of personality that emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind.
- He believed early childhood experiences and unconscious impulses contributed to the development of adult personality and behavior.
- He claimed psycholog...
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