A zippy piece of software makes work feel more efficient, and the core speed and responsiveness of a digital experience is the secret sauce to making any piece of software feel like it’s working for you.&nbsp;But whereas over the past decade, the consumer software on our phones and laptops runs more or less without hiccups, enterprise software can still be stuck in molasses.

Slow work computers

Some businesses are built upon aging desktop PCs. ut an even bigger reason, is that nothing inside the enterprise software world is making software go faster. Take the example of Google, which in ranking its search results, examines a site’s speed to load. That sort of auditing has pushed web developers to optimize websites.But that’s already changing because the market for trying and buying software is shifting rapidly. One of the most interesting parts is there are now a lot of pieces of software you can download and start using with you and some teammates. That’s a user-led adoption curve.

Why is enterprise software slow?

One of the greatest divides between consumer software and enterprise software comes down to workflow.If you’re ordering a meal via Uber Eats, every step is perfectly sequential. You know your options, and you know when you’ve done each step successfully. Compare that to loading Excel, and staring at an endless spreadsheet. What do you do first, especially if you’re new to a job? And when do you know you’re done?With a lot of systems, it’s not clear what to do next. You can do anything at any time! But think about how consumer expenses are designed: It's this one thing next, or these three things next. Consumer UX is on rails, and enterprise UX is often boundless.

Workflows lead employees nowhere

Companies, and their software, are filled with highly specialized acronyms that you can only learn on the job.While established employees can master acronyms over time, new employees can take a long time to learn them. When buttons are labeled with acronyms, that can be a recipe for disaster if you’re training new people on the job.

Bad labels are confounding to learn

Surprise! Enterprise software still stinks.


Stashed ideas

Surprise! Enterprise software still stinks.

Some days, work just sucks away your energy. No matter how hard you try, you can’t move as fast as you want to.

And while we are quick to blame all sorts of things for this—did you get enough sleep, are you drinking enough water, have you found a job that <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.fastcompany.com/90523184/in-the-wake-of-the-pandemic-and-the-protests-purpose-is-suddenly-a-super-power" rel="noopener noreferrer">satisfies your purpose </a>?—the simple truth is that your lousy productivity might not be your fault. The culprit could be your software.

According to a new <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.forrester.com/report/design-for-work-boost-productivity-and-satisfaction-by-transforming-enterprise/RES152136" rel="noopener noreferrer">research paper </a>published by the analyst firm Forrester—for which researchers interviewed nearly 200 design teams and dozens of frontline workers in fields like retail—the enterprise software we use at work is slowing us down, and for all sorts of reasons, from individual components of the UI to the workflows that take us from one piece of software to another.

We connected with Andrew Hogan, Forrester’s principal analyst specializing in design, who led the research. He points out some of the biggest problems he sees in these tools and offers critical insight on how some companies are fixing enterprise UX.

It’s difficult to figure out how much your email client or sales software could be slowing you down in any given day. But do these wasted seconds add up to something significant?

In fact, they do. Hogan talked to one financial services company that sped up employee quote creation by five times by rethinking its software, and it has nearly doubled the number of clients they can call in a day. In another circumstance, IBM was hired by Japan Airlines to figure out how to land on time more often. The culprit? Forty percent of employee time was spent doing paperwork (which IBM <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.aircraftit.com/articles/the-journey-to-perfection-at-jal-engineering/?area=mro" rel="noopener noreferrer">replaced </a>with quicker apps). And one study found that among doctors using electronic medical records, every 1% improvement in satisfaction of using this software <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7785404/" rel="noopener noreferrer">decreased their odds of burnout </a>by 3%.

You might not see these same gains inside your company, of course. But now that you see the possibilities, let’s look at common UX culprits.

A zippy piece of software makes work feel more efficient, and the core speed and responsiveness of a digital experience is <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.fastcompany.com/1669788/the-3-white-lies-behind-instagrams-lightning-speed" rel="noopener noreferrer">the secret sauce to making any piece of software </a>feel like it’s working for you. But whereas, over the past decade, the consumer software on our phones and laptops runs more or less without hiccups, enterprise software can still be stuck in molasses.

“At the baseline level, [enterprise] systems are slow,” says Hogan. “Every microsecond, every bit of time these things take to load, breaks your concentration. After you get beyond a certain amount [of time waiting], you’re ‘doing something else.'”

So why is enterprise software slow? Some businesses are built upon aging desktop PCs, while many of us upgrade our personal smartphones every couple of years. But an even bigger reason, Hogan suggests, is that nothing inside the enterprise software world is making software go faster. He points to Google, which in ranking its search results, examines a site’s speed to load. That sort of auditing has pushed web developers to optimize websites.  Meanwhile, Hogan doesn’t see any major “force function” that’s pressuring enterprise software to load faster. Your Ciscos and Microsofts and Salesforces aren’t going head-to-head in a drag race—especially because this software is being licensed en masse by an IT department for years at time.

But that’s already changing because the market for trying and buying software is shifting rapidly. “One of the most interesting parts is there are now a lot of pieces of software you can download and start using with you and some teammates,” says Hogan. “That’s a user-led adoption curve. That’s one of the riskiest things for established companies, that your employees will just download Figma and start using it.” Indeed, that’s how <a dir="ltr" href="https://openviewpartners.com/blog/slack-saas-growth-strategy/#.YR7NNtNKihw" rel="noopener noreferrer">Slack broke into the market </a>—only to <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.fastcompany.com/90584382/slack-salesforce-antitrust" rel="noopener noreferrer">be acquired by enterprise giant Salesforce </a>.

One of the greatest divides Hogan sees between consumer software and enterprise software comes down to a boring, perhaps esoteric, word: “workflow.” But it’s not that complicated.

If you’re ordering a meal via Uber Eats, every step is perfectly sequential. You know your options, and you know when you’ve done each step successfully. Compare that to loading Excel, and staring at an endless spreadsheet. What do you do first, especially if you’re new to a job? And when do you know you’re done?

“A lot of systems, it’s not clear what to do next,” says Hogan. “You can do anything at any time! But think about how consumer expenses are designed: It’s do this one thing next, or these three things next.” Consumer UX is on rails, and enterprise UX is often boundless.

That boundlessness is intended to support all sorts of different specialized needs. But Hogan compares enterprise software to using a dull chef’s knife—possible for anything, but lousy for everything. And he believes it’s necessary to push back on the complexity. “You can do a lot in Excel, but should you use Excel for all of those things?” says Hogan. These workflow issues only get more complex when people hop from one piece of software to the next.

One of the biggest culprits for bogging down workers is acronym soup. Hogan says companies, and their software, are filled with highly specialized acronyms that you can only learn on the job.

“You could string together literally any combination of letters, and I’ve probably heard something like that,” says Hogan. “I talk to people every day who are working on these systems, and they’ll describe some acronym that doesn’t make any sense to someone who isn’t there.” While established employees can master acronyms over time, new employees can take a long time to learn them. When buttons are labeled with acronyms, that can be a recipe for disaster if you’re training new people on the job.

Hogan points to call centers, where specialized software <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.fastcompany.com/90617212/inside-the-high-stakes-world-of-designing-for-911-operators" rel="noopener noreferrer">can take a new employee up to eight months to learn </a>. But these jobs can have a high turnover rate, with people leaving within two years. When that happens, a serious chunk of an employee’s tenure has been in training. And the same thing will be true for the next person.

“I think many designers are going to scream in pain hearing this, but some of the solutions I’ve heard are [creating] more in-context help, like the floating question marks that explain, ‘What does this mean?’ I think, without words, you’re left trying to do it with pictures, and that’s worse. Mystery icons are probably even a worse solution than an acronym.”

The fact of the matter is that your company probably uses something like Office 365 for a reason: While it’s imperfect, it’s a powerful software suite, designed by thousands of people over decades. Not many companies have the resources to create a more specialized version from scratch.

These days, Forrester has found that many companies are using their own design teams to fix shortcomings in enterprise software. “We’ve seen a 30% increase in dedicated design teams focused on employee software in just the last couple of years,” says Hogan. Whereas employees are reluctant to use new software they dislike, by focusing an internal design team on the task, companies can do everything from solidifying (and communicating) clearer workflows to developing some of their own specialized software and tools to give their employees the help they need.

He cites Home Depot as a company that has invested heavily in its employee-facing software, claiming <a dir="ltr" href="https://careers.homedepot.com/career-areas/technology/" rel="noopener noreferrer">most of its code </a>was written internally. Walmart has also <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.fastcompany.com/90642935/this-behind-the-scenes-app-keeps-walmarts-shelves-stocked-all-the-time" rel="noopener noreferrer">developed tools </a>to make something as simple as finding an item on a shelf faster for its employees. But Hogan believes the greatest proof of his theory might be Netflix, where, according to his own analysis of the company’s LinkedIn records, as many as half of the company’s total designer headcount is working on software specifically for Netflix employees. (Netflix declined to confirm these figures with Forrester.)

“Marketers, production people, animators, and data scientists all need software,” says Hogan. And when you’re the world’s most popular streaming service, you want that whole workflow working together.

Mark Wilson is a senior writer at Fast Company who has written about design, technology, and culture for almost 15 years. His work has appeared at Gizmodo, Kotaku, PopMech, PopSci, Esquire, American Photo and Lucky Peach

The real reason you’re not more productive at work? It’s not boredom—it’s bad UX

Factors associated with emotion in music:
<ul>
<li>Musical pleasure: The positive feelings are beneficial to health and creative thinking.</li>
<li>Musical surprise: E.g. unexpected harmonies, or entry of a solo voice.</li>
<li>Appraisal: Evaluating music give rise to emotions such as pleasure or displeasure.</li>
<li>Action tendency: Music encourages the desire to coordinate with the music (dancing, foot-tapping).</li>
<li>Being in sync with the rhythm.</li>
<li>Memory: We listen to music that we associate with fond memories.</li>
<li>Emotional contagion: Music evokes emotions at a social level, such as concerts.</li>
<li>Imagination: What is perceived in the music.</li>
</ul>

Music creates an emotional atmosphere

Self Improvement

Emotion is a fundamental aspect of musical experience.

<ul><li>Listening to music is one of the most enjoyable activities of daily life. </li><li>Music is remarkable in its ability to evoke profound emotions in listeners. </li><li>Musical emotion is one of the primary motives for engaging in music listening. </li> </ul>

Listening to music is quite common in our daily life. The most common motive for listening to music is to influence emotions. How does listening to music produce emotions and pleasure in listeners? The following is a list of factors associated with emotion in music.

1. Musical pleasure.

Music mostly makes us feel good. The enjoyment of music appears to involve the same pleasure center in the brain as other forms of pleasure, such as food, <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/sex" hreflang="en" title="Psychology Today looks at sex">sex </a>, and drugs (Juslin 2019). Positive feelings tend to broaden our mindset in ways that are beneficial to health and <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/creativity" hreflang="en" title="Psychology Today looks at creative thinking">creative thinking </a>. This explains the potential mental health benefits of music. Moreover, music-evoked emotions predict whether individuals will decide to buy a song. The pleasure of music may also explain why the religious leaders were concerned that music could weaken human moral fiber (Gioia, 2019).

2. Musical surprise.

Music can be experienced as pleasurable both when it fulfills and violates expectations (e.<a dir="ltr" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/intelligence" hreflang="en" title="Psychology Today looks at g">g </a>., unexpected harmonies, or the entry of a solo voice). The more unexpected the musical ingredients, the more surprising is the musical experience. We enjoy the disruptions in musical patterns. For example, you may become startled and surprised by the loud noise during a live concert (or the sound effects in movie). It is like when someone creeps up behind you and says ‘Boo’.

Emotion is an evaluative attitude. The evaluation of music gives rise to emotions such as pleasure or displeasure. For instance, nostalgia is the most frequent emotion evoked by music. Many listeners use music to remind themselves of the valued past events (e.g., the song by Paul McCartney’s “yesterday” is considered a jewel of modern nostalgia).

4. Action tendency.

Music often creates strong action tendencies to move in coordination with the music (e.g., dancing, foot-tapping). For example, classical music has been used as a form of crowd control, such as in shopping malls to deter <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/adolescence" hreflang="en" title="Psychology Today looks at teenagers">teenagers </a>, or in public spaces to drive the homeless away. If you don’t identify with the music that is playing in a given space, then the space becomes an unpleasant place for your taste. However, the same space welcomes classical music lovers.

5. Being in sync.

Being in sync with music is a source of pleasure. It is no accident that dance-like music makes people happy because it is easy to entrain (attune) to its rhythmic pattern. Our internal rhythms (e.g., heart rate) speed up or slow down to become one with the music. We float and move with the music.

6. <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/memory" hreflang="en" title="Psychology Today looks at Memory">Memory </a>.

Memories are one of the important ways in which musical events evoke emotions. A great deal of our musical preferences reflects our individual learning history. For example, some people may have a fond memory associated with Elgar (Pomp and Circumstance) for graduation ceremonies, and Pachelbel’s “Canon in D Major,” (or Mendelssohn’s “Wedding March” in C major) for a wedding. People do not forget these emotional events.

7. Emotional contagion.

Another effect resulting from music is emotional contagion. Music doesn’t only evoke emotions at the individual level, but also at the interpersonal level. When people attend concerts, their emotions are in part influenced by the emotions of other people present. When sports fans sing together, their brains release love <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/hormones" hreflang="en" title="Psychology Today looks at hormone">hormone </a>(<a dir="ltr" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/oxytocin" hreflang="en" title="Psychology Today looks at oxytocin">oxytocin </a>) which makes them feel emotional bond with those in their group. That is why nations have national anthems.

8. <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/imagination" hreflang="en" title="Psychology Today looks at Imagination">Imagination </a>.

Imagination refers to mental activity of imagining what is perceived in the music (e.g., a narrative) would be true. For instance, imagining monsters during <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/fear" hreflang="en" title="Psychology Today looks at fear">fear </a>-evoking music enhances fear responses. Imagining nature, such as mountains or fields, enhances our emotional responses to music such as the Four Seasons by Vivaldi. In a high-tech digital age, for some listeners, the easy country melody is a reminder of the ‘good old days.’

In sum, music is capable of inspiring emotions (cry and <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/laughter" hreflang="en" title="Psychology Today looks at laughter">laughter </a>, and physiological responses). Music can be is used to create an emotional atmosphere of, for example, calming, relaxing, playful, sincere, or intimate.

Gioia Ted (2109), Music: A Subversive History. NY: Basic Books.

Juslin PN (2019), Musical Emotions Explained, Oxford University Press.

The 8 Components of Musical Emotion

Songwriting is a bit like dating. The first words make or break the impression.
A strong opening line in a song has to be interesting and mysterious. Like the Righteous Brothers sang in the song ‘You’ve lost that lovin’ feelin’: &quot;You never close your eyes anymore when I kiss your lips.&quot;

Song Opening Lines

An intriguing opening line matched with a melodious hook or chorus, preferably with an intro that is not longer than 30 seconds, creates the right impact on the listener.
One can listen and relisten to their favourite songs, noticing how the first words (and the accompanying tunes) make an impact by catching our attention and pulling us in.

Writing Songs: The Intriguing First Words

<ol>
<li>Open with a question, which makes the listener think.</li>
<li>Open with a strong, bold statement.</li>
<li>Open with a time frame, like the number of days or years something has happened.</li>
<li>Open with a story.</li>
<li>Open with a beautiful analogy or comparison.</li>
<li>Use a contrast as an opening line.</li>
<li>Use a line from a conversation to get the attention of the listener.</li>
</ol>

Ideas For Great Song Opening Lines

If a song's first line is interesting and mysterious, it attracts listeners and invites them to hear more.

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In some ways, songwriting is like <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.liveabout.com/astrology-love-4688165">dating </a>. For example, you are out with your friends and suddenly a guy or gal comes up to you and introduces himself/herself. The first words that a person says will determine whether or not you would want the conversation to go further.

In songwriting it's similar. That's why it's important to have a strong opening line. First lines that are interesting and mysterious attract the listener's attention and invite them to listen more. If your first line is boring and uninteresting, your listeners won't be inclined to listen further.

Here are some examples of songs that have great first lines:

The Righteous Brothers, "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin"

"You never close your eyes anymore when I kiss your lips."

Sinead O'Connor, "Nothing Compares"

"It's been seven hours and fifteen days since you took your love away."

Arlo Guthrie, "Alice's Restaurant"

"You can get anything you want, at Alice's Restaurant."

Janis Ian, "At Seventeen"

"I learned the truth at 17 that love was meant for beauty queens."

<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.liveabout.com/top-elvis-presley-songs-of-all-time-4108367">Elvis Presley </a>, "Can't Help Falling in Love With You"

"Wise men say only fools rush in."

<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.liveabout.com/top-barry-manilow-songs-3243854">Barry Manilow </a>, "Somewhere Down The Road"

"We had the right love at the wrong time."

Joshua Kadison, "Beautiful In My Eyes"

"You're my peace of mind in this crazy world."

<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.liveabout.com/bruce-springsteen-songs-80s-part-1-10392">Bruce Springsteen </a>"Hungry Heart"

"Got a wife and kids in Baltimore, Jack, I went out for a ride and I never went back."

Rachel Proctor "Me and Emily"

"Floorboard's filled with baby toys, an' empty Coke bottles an' coffee cups."

Bread, "The Diary"

"I found her diary underneath a tree and started reading about me."

Remember, make your opening line intriguing, match it with a memorable hook/chorus and mix in a catchy melody. Also, avoid long intros and get to the opening line within the first 40 seconds of your song.

Try to listen to some of your favorite songs and pay close attention to the first line. What do you notice? There are certain techniques songwriters use in order to write opening lyrics that catch your attention and pull you in.

1. Open with a question, as in the song "Do You Know The Way To San Jose" by Dionne Warwick.

2. Open with a strong statement: <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.liveabout.com/essential-alison-krauss-songs-1321632">Alison Krauss' </a>song really caught my attention with this first line "Baby, now that I've found you I won't let you go."

3. Open with a time frame, like in Sinead O'Connor's song "Nothing Compares," which begins with the line "It's been seven hours and 15 days since you took your love away."

4. Open with a setting: Cyndi Lauper's song "Time After Time" is a good example of this. Her song begins with the line "Lying in my bed, I hear the clock tick and think of you."

5. Open with a comparison: "You fill up my senses like a night in the forest" is the first line of John Denver's cleverly-titled hit called "Annie's Song."

6. Open with contrast, as in "You're my peace of mind in this crazy world" from "Beautiful in My Eyes" by Joshua Kadison.

7. Open with a conversation: Some songs start off with a conversation, as in "Excuse me, but can I be you for a while" from "Silent All These Years" by Tori Amos. The song "That's What Friends Are For" begins as if in the middle of a conversation: "And I never thought I'd feel this way..."

Do You Know How to Write Strong Opening Lines for Your Music?

<ul>
<li>In the form of heat and light, solar energy can cover all our energy needs in a clean, versatile manner.</li>
<li>Photovoltaics, or Solar panels with silicon cells, convert light into electricity as the photon rays of the sun charge up the cells.</li>
<li>Solar-thermal power plants use the heat of the sun along with lenses to focus the sunlight in a concentrated place, to heat water or other substances. This can be used for the hot water needs of households, or to drive a turbine for generating electricity.</li>
</ul>

Sunlight And Solar Energy

How are the Sun’s rays converted into power? Shine a light on the topic with our simple guide to solar thermal and solar cells.

The Sun radiates a phenomenal amount of light and heat energy in our direction. In fact, the amount of solar energy hitting Earth’s surface in just two hours would be enough to cover all of our energy needs for an entire year.

There are two key ways of capturing and using this energy from the Sun: solar panels (photovoltaics), which convert light into electricity, and solar thermal power, which transforms the Sun’s energy into heat.

Inside a solar panel you’ll find a neat arrangement of solar cells, each around the size of a coaster, made of two thin slices of material (usually silicon), with opposing electrical charges. As the Sun shines on the cell, photons (minuscule packets of light energy) knock electrons off the silicon atoms, in what’s known as the photoelectric effect. The resulting flow of electrons forms a small electrical current in each cell.

Another way of capturing the Sun’s energy is converting it into heat. Concentrating solar-thermal power plants, for instance, use mirrors and lenses to reflect and focus sunlight to heat water or other liquids. The resulting heat is used to provide hot water to homes and businesses, or to drive a turbine to generate electricity.

The downside of solar power? It can only be generated during the day. This means that it needs to be used alongside other energy sources – or stored – in order to provide a steady supply of electricity day and night.

However, as a clean, versatile and increasingly affordable form of renewable energy, solar power is set to take the world by storm. Solar panels currently produce just 2.7 per cent of the world’s electricity, but our total capacity to generate solar power is expected to more than triple in the coming decade.

Asked by: David Reed, Norfolk

How does solar energy actually work?

"The world is a narrow bridge and the important thing is to not be afraid" - Hebrew prayer.
The world we live in is uncertain and full of risks and it's easy to get scared and look down instead of looking forward. But if you peer over to the side of the bridge, you lose the motivation to continue, you freeze up and stop making good decisions.

Life as a narrow bridge

What does help in a situation in which you are scared: training, courage, discipline, commitment and calm.
From all of the above, courage is held by the stoics as the most essential virtue.

Fear won't help you

"It's not that astronauts are braver than other people. We're just meticulously prepared."

Quote

Astronauts face all kinds of difficult, very risky situations in space. And the margin for error is extremely tiny in those situations.
Astronaut Chris Hadfield says that the key in these difficult situations is to remind yourself that there are things you can to make the situation better.

What preparation does

There is no problem so bad that you can&#39;t make it worse.
And that&#39;s the difference between being scared and being afraid - the latter prevents you from improving your situations and it may even make things worse.

Being scared vs being afraid

"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself - nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed effort to convert retreat into advance."

Don&#39;t let your imagination be crushed by life as a whole. Don&#39;t try to picture everything bad that could possibly happen. Stick with the situation at hand, and ask, “Why is this so unbearable? Why can&#39;t I endure it?&quot; You&#39;ll be embarrassed to answer.

Maybe you are facing a difficult conversation you’ve been putting off for months. Or you’re about to embark on a new project that tests you to your limits. Or it could be a job change, moving to a new city, starting a relationship—any of those can provoke fears and anxieties that pin you down and you can suddenly feel trapped before the situation even unfolds. It is a timeless truth that many of the things we worry about never come to happen. But our imaginary fears can have real consequences. Fear will cloud your reality, and like other extreme emotions such as anger, will cloud your vision and obscure what is really going on. The grips of fear can be paralyzing. To learn more about Stoicism, check out the Daily Stoic's FREE GUIDE to Stoic philosophy: https://dailystoic.com/freeguide Daily Stoic is a community built around the teachings of Stoicism. If you're wondering "What does Stoicism mean?", "Who was Marcus Aurelius?", "How to be a stoic?" or "How to practice stoicism in daily life?" check out Daily Stoic's FREE 7-Day Stoicism Starter Pack. This highly curated 7-Day Guide will expand your knowledge and provide actionable tools and ideas to make you stronger, more resilient and happier. Get the free guide here: https://dailystoic.com/freeguide Stoicism is a practical philosophy. The main thinkers that the Daily Stoic focuses on in stoicism are Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus, and Seneca. The Daily Stoic is a guide to how to practice Stoicism in your daily life, the daily routines of Stoicism, and is a practical guide to Stoicism. This channel is Stoicism 101, it will tell you what Stoicism is and how to be a Stoic. Ryan Holiday has been practicing stoicism and writing about stoicism for more than a decade and his insights will give you guidance to practicing stoicism in your day to day life. | STRENGTHEN THE COMMUNITY | A few things can help us get stoicism to more people and bring you more great content! 1. Like the video 2. Comment. We try to answer as many questions as possible in the comments! Also, if you have great stuff to share with other viewers we love to see people discussing these ideas! 3. Subscribe. The more subscribers, the more content we can make! https://tinyurl.com/dailystoicYT | SOCIALS | Facebook https://facebook.com/dailystoic Instagram https://instagram.com/dailystoic Twitter https://twitter.com/dailystoic Ryan Holiday has influenced the modern stoicism movement greatly. His books are read by modern stoicism's practitioners like Tim Ferriss, Robert Greene, and others. #Stoicism #DailyStoic #RyanHoliday #MementoMori #AmorFati #MarcusAurelius #StoicDaily #DailyRoutine #Improvement #Happiness #philosophy #Seneca

Stoic Motivation: It's Ok To Be Scared. Just Don't Be AFRAID.

<ul>
<li>Classical conditioning: A behavioural technique where a natural stimulus is paired with a previously neutral stimulus. The previously neutral stimulus eventually cause the response without pairing it to the natural stimulus.</li>
<li>Operant conditioning: A behaviour training technique where punishments or reinforcements influence behaviour.</li>
<li>Unconscious: The container for feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories.</li>
<li>Id: The personality component made up of unconscious psychic energy used to satisfy basic urges, needs, and desires.</li>
<li>Ego: The unconscious part of the personality that moderates the id&#39;s demands, the superego, and reality.</li>
<li>Superego: The part of personality composed of our internalised ideals that comes from our parents and society.</li>
</ul>

Personality Psychology: Important Terminology

While we often talk about personality, psychologists disagree on what exactly constitutes personality.
Personality is then broadly defined as the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that originate within the person and make a person unique. It is what makes you, you.

Defining Personality

<ul>
<li>Personality is organized and consistent.</li>
<li>Personality is generally stable, but the environment can influence it. A shy personality in social situations might take charge and be more outspoken in an emergency.</li>
<li>Personality causes behaviours to happen. You react to your environment based on your personality.</li>
</ul>

Key Characteristics of Personality

<ul>
<li>Experimental methods are used by researchers to control and manipulate the variables of interests and then to measure the results. The ideas are internal, abstract, and difficult to measure.</li>
<li>Case studies and self-report methods. Case studies rely on the observer&#39;s interpretations, and self-report methods depend on the memory of the individual of interest. These methods are highly subjective.</li>
<li>Clinical research relies on information collected from clinical patients throughout treatment. This research is highly subjective.</li>
</ul>

Personality Psychology: Research Models

<ul>
<li>Biological Theories suggest genetics are responsible for personality traits.</li>
<li>Behavioural Theories suggest that personality is the result of interaction between the individual and the environment.</li>
<li>Psychodynamic Theories of personality emphasize the influence of the unconscious mind and childhood experiences on personality.</li>
<li>Humanist Theories emphasize the importance of free will and individual experience in the development of personality.</li>
<li>Trait Theories think personality is made up of several broad traits.</li>
</ul>

Personality Psychology: Major Theories

A trait is a stable characteristic or &quot;blueprint&quot; that causes specific behavioural patterns.
<ul>
<li>The three dimensions of personality: extroversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism.</li>
<li>Later researchers suggested five dimensions of personality (known as the Big 5 theory): openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.</li>
</ul>

Trait Theories

<ul>
<li>Sigmund Freud: He was the founder of psychoanalytic theory. His theories emphasised the unconscious mind, childhood experience, dreams, and symbolism.</li>
<li>Erik Erikson: He was an ego psychologist. His theory of psychosocial stages describes the development of personality throughout the lifespan.</li>
<li>B.F. Skinner: He was a behaviourist and known for his research on operant conditioning and schedules of reinforcement.</li>
<li>Sandra Bem: She developed a gender schema theory to explain how society and culture transmit ideas about sex and gender.</li>
<li>Abraham Maslow: He was a humanist psychologist and developed the hierarchy of needs.</li>
<li>Carl Rogers: He was a humanist psychologist and believed people have a drive to fulfil the individual potential that motivates behaviour.</li>
</ul>

Famous Figures in Psychology

Learn about personality psychology with an explanation of the theories and important figures in the study of personality.

What exactly is <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-personality-2795416">personality </a>? Where does it come from? <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/can-you-change-your-personality-2795428">Does it change </a>as we grow older? These are the sorts of questions that have long held the fascination of psychologists and which have inspired a number of different theories of personality.

While personality is something that we talk about all the time ("He has such a great personality!" or "Her personality is perfect for this job!"), you might be surprised to learn that psychologists do not necessarily agree on a single definition of what exactly constitutes personality.

Personality is broadly described as the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. In plain English, it is what makes you you.

Researchers have found while some external factors can influence how certain traits are expressed, personality originates within the individual.1 ﻿ While a few aspects of personality may change as we grow older, personality also tends to remain fairly consistent throughout life.

Because personality plays such an important role in human behavior, an entire <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/major-branches-of-psychology-4139786">branch of psychology </a>is devoted to the study of this fascinating topic. Personality <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-psyd-2795135">psychologists </a>are interested in the unique characteristics of individuals, as well as similarities among groups of people.

In order to understand the psychology of personality, it is important to learn some of the key characteristics of how personality works.1 ﻿

<ul><li>Personality is organized and consistent. We tend to express certain aspects of our personality in different situations and our responses are generally stable.  </li><li>Although personality is generally stable, it can be influenced by the environment.  For example, while your personality might lead you to be shy in social situations, an emergency might lead you to take on a more outspoken and take-charge approach. </li><li>Personality causes behaviors to happen. You react to the people and objects in your environment based on your personality. From your personal preferences to your choice of a career, every aspect of your life is affected by your personality. </li> </ul>

Now that you know a bit more about the basics of personality, it's time to take a closer look at how scientists actually study human personality. There are different techniques that are used in the study of personality. Each technique has its own strengths and weaknesses.

<ul><li>Experimental methods are those in which the researcher controls and manipulates the variables of interests and takes measures of the results. This is the most scientific form of research, but <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-experimental-method-2795175">experimental research </a>can be difficult when studying aspects of personality such as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-motivation-2795378">motivations </a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-are-emotions-2795178">emotions </a>, and drives. These ideas are internal, abstract, and can be difficult to measure. The experimental method allows researchers to look at cause-and-effect relationships between different variables of interest. </li><li>Case studies and self-report methods involve the in-depth analysis of an individual as well as information provided by the individual. Case studies rely heavily on the interpretations of the observer, while <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-self-report-inventory-2795587">self-report methods </a>depend on the memory of the individual of interest. Because of this, these methods tend to be highly subjective and it is difficult to generalize the findings to a larger population. </li><li>Clinical research relies upon information gathered from clinical patients over the course of treatment. Many personality theories are based on this type of research, but because the research subjects are unique and exhibit abnormal behavior, this research tends to be highly subjective and difficult to generalize. </li> </ul>

<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/classical-conditioning-2794859">Classical conditioning </a>is a behavioral training technique that begins with a naturally occurring stimulus eliciting an automatic response. Then, a previously neutral stimulus is paired with the naturally occurring stimulus.

Eventually, the previously neutral stimulus comes to evoke the response without the presence of the naturally occurring stimulus. The two elements are then known as the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-conditioned-stimulus-2794975">conditioned stimulus </a> and the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-conditioned-response-2794974">conditioned response </a>.

<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/operant-conditioning-a2-2794863">Operant conditioning </a>is a behavior training technique in which reinforcements or punishments are used to influence behavior. An association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior.

In Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality, the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-unconscious-2796004">unconscious </a>mind is a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that are outside of our conscious awareness. Most of the contents of the unconscious are unacceptable or unpleasant, such as feelings of pain, anxiety, or conflict.

According to Freud, the unconscious mind continues to influence our behavior and experiences, even though we are unaware of these underlying influences.2 ﻿

According to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality, the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-id-2795275">id </a>is the personality component made up of unconscious psychic energy that works to satisfy basic urges, needs, and desires. The id operates based on <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-pleasure-principle-2795472">the pleasure principle </a>, which demands immediate gratification of needs.

According to Freud, the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-ego-2795167">ego </a>is the largely unconscious part of the personality that mediates the demands of the id, the superego, and reality. The ego prevents us from acting on our basic urges (created by the id) but also works to achieve a balance with our moral and idealistic standards (created by the superego).

The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-superego-2795876">superego </a>is the component of personality composed of our internalized ideals that we have acquired from our parents and from society. The superego works to suppress the urges of the id and tries to make the ego behave morally, rather than realistically.

Personality psychology is the focus of some of the best-known <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-theory-2795970">psychology theories </a>by a number of famous thinkers including Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. Some of these theories attempt to tackle a specific area of personality while others attempt to explain personality much more broadly.

Biological approaches suggest that genetics are responsible for personality. In the classic <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-nature-versus-nurture-2795392">nature versus nurture debate </a>, the biological theories of personality side with nature.

Research on heritability suggests that there is a link between genetics and personality traits.3 ﻿ Twin studies are often used to investigate which traits might be linked to genetics versus those that might be linked to environmental variables. For example, researchers might look at differences and similarities in the personalities of twins reared together versus those who are raised apart.

One of the best known biological theorists was <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/hans-eysenck-1916-1997-2795509">Hans Eysenck </a>, who linked aspects of personality to biological processes.

Eysenck argued that personality is influenced by the stress hormone <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/cortisol-and-depression-1066764">cortisol </a>. According to his theory, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/signs-you-are-an-introvert-2795427">introverts </a> have high cortical arousal and avoid stimulation, while <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-extroversion-2795994">extroverts </a> had low cortical arousal and crave stimulation.4 ﻿

Behavioral theorists include <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/b-f-skinner-biography-1904-1990-2795543">B. F. Skinner </a> and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/john-b-watson-biography-1878-1958-2795550">John B. Watson </a>. Behavioral theories suggest that personality is a result of interaction between the individual and the environment.5 ﻿ Behavioral theorists study observable and measurable behaviors, rejecting theories that take internal thoughts, moods, and feelings play a part as these cannot be measured.

According to behavioral theorists, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/classical-conditioning-2794859">conditioning </a> (predictable behavioral responses) occurs through interactions with our environment which ultimately shapes our personalities.

Psychodynamic theories of personality are heavily influenced by the work of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/sigmund-freud-biography-1856-1939-2795544">Sigmund Freud </a> and emphasize the influence of the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/the-conscious-and-unconscious-mind-2795946">unconscious mind </a>and childhood experiences on personality.6 ﻿ Psychodynamic theories include Sigmund Freud's <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/freuds-stages-of-psychosexual-development-2795962">psychosexual stage theory </a> and Erik Erikson's <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/erik-eriksons-stages-of-psychosocial-development-2795740">stages of psychosocial development. </a>

Freud believed the three components of personality were the id, ego, and superego. The id is responsible for needs and urges, while the superego regulates ideals and morals. The ego, in turn, moderates the demands of the id, superego, and reality.

Freud suggested that children progress through a series of stages in which the id's energy is focused on different erogenous zones.

Erikson also believed that personality progressed through a series of stages, with certain conflicts arising at each stage. Success in any stage depends on successfully overcoming these conflicts.

Humanist theories emphasize the importance of free will and individual experience in the development of personality.7 ﻿ Humanist theorists include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.

Humanist theorists promote the concept of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/characteristics-of-self-actualized-people-2795963">self-actualization </a>, which is the innate need for personal growth and the ways that personal growth motivates behavior.

The <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/trait-theory-of-personality-2795955">trait theory </a> approach is one of the most prominent areas in personality psychology. According to these theories, personality is made up of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/how-many-personality-traits-are-there-2795430">a number of broad traits </a>. A trait is a relatively stable characteristic that causes an individual to behave in certain ways. It is essentially the psychological "blueprint" that informs behavioral patterns.

Some of the best-known trait theories include Eysenck's three-dimension theory and the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/the-big-five-personality-dimensions-2795422">five-factor theory </a> of personality.

Eysenck utilized personality questionnaires to collect data from participants and then employed a statistical technique known as factor analysis to analyze the results. Eysenck concluded that there were three major dimensions of personality: extroversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism.8 ﻿

Eysenck believed that these dimensions then combine in different ways to form an individual's unique personality. Later, Eysenck added the third dimension known as psychoticism, which related to things such as <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-aggression-2794818">aggression </a>, <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-empathy-2795562">empathy </a>, and sociability.

Later researchers suggested that there are five broad dimensions that make up a person's personalities, often referred to as the Big 5 theory of personality.

The Big 5 theory suggests that all personalities can be characterized by five major personality dimensions: openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism, collectively referred to by the acronym OCEAN.9 ﻿

Some of the most famous figures in the history of psychology left a lasting mark on the field of personality. In order to better understand the different theories of personality, it can be helpful to learn more about the lives, theories, and contributions to the psychology of these eminent psychologists.10 ﻿

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was the founder of psychoanalytic theory. His theories emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind, childhood experiences, dreams, and symbolism. His theory of psychosexual development suggested that children progress through a series of stages during which libidinal energy is focused on different regions of the body.

His ideas are what as known as grand theories because they seek to explain virtually every aspect of human behavior. Some of Freud's ideas are considered outdated by modern psychologists, but he had a major influence on the course of psychology, and some concepts, such as the usefulness of talk therapy and the importance of the unconscious, are enduring.

<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/erik-erikson-biography-1902-1994-2795538">Erik Erikson </a> (1902-1994) was an ego psychologist trained by <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/anna-freud-biography-1895-1982-2795536">Anna Freud </a>. His theory of psychosocial stages describes how personality develops throughout the lifespan. Like Freud, some aspects of Erikson's theory are considered outdated by contemporary researchers, but his eight-stage theory of development remains popular and influential.

B. F. Skinner (1904-1990) was a behaviorist best known for his research on <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/operant-conditioning-a2-2794863">operant conditioning </a> and the discovery of <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-schedule-of-reinforcement-2794864">schedules of reinforcement </a>. Schedules of reinforcement influence how quickly a behavior is acquired and the strength of response.

The schedules described by Skinner are fixed-ratio schedules, fixed-variable schedules, variable-ratio schedules, and <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/variable-interval-schedule-2796011">variable-interval schedules </a>.

<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/sandra-bem-biography-2795500">Sandra Bem </a>(1944-2014) had an important influence in psychology and on our understanding of sex roles, gender, and sexuality. She developed her gender schema theory to explain how society and culture transmit ideas about sex and gender. Gender schemas, Bem suggested, were formed by things such as parenting, school, mass media, and other cultural influences.

<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/biography-of-abraham-maslow-1908-1970-2795524">Abraham Maslow </a> (1908-1970) was a humanist psychologist who developed the well-known <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-maslows-hierarchy-of-needs-4136760">hierarchy of needs </a>. The hierarchy includes physiological needs, safety and security needs, love and affection needs, self-esteem needs, and self-actualizing needs.

<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/carl-rogers-biography-1902-1987-2795542">Carl Rogers </a> (1902-1987) was a humanist psychologist who believed that all people have an actualizing tendency  - a drive to fulfill the individual potential that motivates behavior. Rogers called healthy individuals <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/fully-functioning-person-2795197">fully-functioning </a>, describing these individuals as those who are open to experience, live in the moment, trust their own judgment, feel free, and are <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" dir="ltr" href="https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-creativity-p2-3986725">creative </a>.

Personality makes us who we are, so it is no wonder why it has been the source of such fascination in both science and in daily life. The various theories of personality that have been proposed by different psychologists have helped us gain a deeper and richer understanding of what makes each person unique.

By learning more about these theories, you can better understand how researchers have come to know the psychology of personality as well as consider questions that future research might explore.

What Personality Theories in Psychology May Tell You About Yours

It involves paying attention to something while letting go of judgments and assumptions.&nbsp;Don’t try to change it. Instead, be open to the experience, regardless of whether you like or dislike it.&nbsp;

Mindfulness

Usually we don’t even realize we’re angry until furniture is being broken. But if you know the circumstances that trigger your anger, you can avoid them or prepare yourself.

Knowing what triggers your anger

Before we commence with the festivities, I wanted to thank everyone for helping my first book become a Wall Street Journal bestseller. To check it out, click here. *** There's a voice shouting. Takes a second before you realize it's yours. You feel energized. Righteous. Driving every point home.

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