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Placebo ethics
It is accepted that placebos are not ethical because they require deceptions. But this view does not account for the evidence that we don't need deception for placebos to work.
Further mistaken claims:
- We can only trust placebo controls. New treatments that come along can be compared with a proven effective method. To be effective, it should be at least as good as the old one.
- Placebo controls provide a constant baseline. This view is based on the view that placebo treatments do not work. It is mistaken. In a systematic review of placebo pills in ulcer trials, the placebo response ranged from 0% to 100% (complete cure.)
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The history of learning how placebos work
A comprehensive study published in 1999 found that placebo effects were caused by both expectancy and conditioning.
But some researchers argue that there is something mysterious about how placebos work. While it is easy to see what happens inside the brain to the amygdala, or the other bit...
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Placebo surgery
A review of over 50 placebo-controlled surgery trials shows that fake surgery worked as well as the real surgery in more than half the trials.
One famous study is from an American surgeon Bruce Moseley. 180 patients had such severe knee pain that even the best drugs fa...
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Placebo's as pleasing treatments: History of the concept
- Plato's cure for headaches involved a leaf coupled with a charm. Without uttering the charm at the moment of application, the remedy was not effective. We would call Plato's "charm" a placebo.
- In the 18th century, the term "placebo" was used to describe a d...
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Placebos in clinical trials
Placebos were used in clinical trials in the 18th century to debunk "quack" cures. The so-called "non-quack" cures included bloodletting and feeding patients the undigested material from the intestines of an oriental goat. These needed no trials because they were considered to be...
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Testing if placebos really work
Early placebo trials that tested the effects of homoeopathy tablets revealed that doing nothing was better than both homoeopathy and allopathic (standard) medicine.
In the 1990s, Danish medical researchers compared people who take placebos with people who take no treatment...
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Honest placebos
A placebo can work even if the patient does not believe it is a real treatment.
This can be because patients have a conditioned response to an encounter with their doctor. Just like an arachnophobe's body can react negatively to a spider even if they know it's not poisonou...
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MORE LIKE THIS
The placebo effect
The placebo effect happens when a person takes medication that he thinks will help, but the medication has not been proven to be effective for the specific condition.
Placebos work in about 30 percent of patients. Some placebos contain no active ingredien...
Testing if placebos really work
Early placebo trials that tested the effects of homoeopathy tablets revealed that doing nothing was better than both homoeopathy and allopathic (standard) medicine.
In the 1990s, Danish medical researchers compared people who take placebos with people who take no treatment...
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