This can be code for a heavy workload. It means things are always busy, so you need to work quickly because it's time-sensitive. 
Your job may be in jeopardy if you can't keep up.

"Fast-paced environment"

This does not mean you have to be genuinely enthusiastic about the industry, but you need to come prepared for an interview to show your expertise in the subject.

“Be passionate”

"Wears many hats" means you will likely be asked to do things outside of your job duties. "And other duties as assigned" may appear elsewhere in the posting.
Candidates who appreciate the structure of a predetermined set of responsibilities should consider this a red flag. Ask a clarifying question in the interview process such as "How much time, in terms of percentage, do you envision me doing this part of the work?"

"Wears many hats”/“And other duties as assigned”

These are subjective requirements, and you may need to ask for clarity. One way is to ask, “How was the person that I’m replacing expected to be flexible?”
An agile candidate means you need to be ready to drop something mid-project and do something else.

“Be flexible” or “agile”

These titles can mean there's a certain level of expertise and expectation that you will know what you're doing. 
But it can also be an indication that the company does not know what they want.

Superstar titles: Ninjas, rockstars, jedis, gurus, unicorns

This is a popular listing in startups since leaders are still working on the details. "Self-starter" could mean you'll be given little training and have to come up with your own ideas. It could be a red flag for someone relatively new to the field, but it's ideal for a leader who has similar experience and can execute ideas with little direction.
If a company asks for a self-starter, back up your application by sharing the times you initiated a process or took the lead.

“Self-starter”

This phrase could mean that you will be put under lots of projects and deadlines that will not be realistic. Most people will leave in one or two years.
To succeed in this environment, you'll need to accept imperfection. You will produce mediocre-level stuff and should be OK with it.

“Works well under pressure”

The thinking is that you don't need to be micromanaged, so you can decide how much time off you take. But the lack of clear structure means workers inevitably end up taking less time off.
An employee may feel bad about taking a vacation. There could also be a cultural expectation that you don't take long breaks. Ask someone in the know how many days people take off.

“Unlimited paid time off”

A common interview question is "Tell me about a time you had to pivot your strategy." It can also be any question that asks you to discuss how you troubleshoot.
When you see this request, try to anticipate what problems this role will have and describe how you would handle them.

“Be a problem-solver”

Before you apply for a job, you probably first read a listing that includes vague statements like "We are seeking a self-starter who can work well under pressure in a fast-paced environment."
These common job listing phrases can reveal a lot about the company's priorities, the ideal job candidate, and who will fit in the organization's culture.

What common job listings can reveal

This phrase doesn't mean you can't negotiate your pay. If you're considered at the higher range of salary, you should stand firm on your value.
To know what they mean by a competitive salary, ask what the range is during the interview process.

“Competitive salary”

Here's what buzzwords like "fast-paced environment," "unlimited PTO" and "works well under pressure" really mean.