Most of the people we encounter refuse to change their minds during a discussion or debate, even when provided with hard facts that contradict their stand. As most of us have learnt the hard way in the last few years, it is extremely difficult to persuade anyone with strong beliefs or ideologies.

It is human nature due to ‘motivated reasoning’, which leads to many kinds of biases, as the reasoning process of our mind is akin to a lawyer defending a client.

As most of us have preexisting mental models, it is hard to change one’s mind and completely eliminate the various cognitive biases.

1. Start with an open mind about people who disagree with you.
2. Question your own assumptions and beliefs, aiming to understand the big picture an...