Codex and paper inventions

Codex is closer to modern books. The pages were made from folded leaves or parchments (animal skins) and bound together on one side, one after another. The earliest surviving codex dates back to the 4th century and is the greek biblical manuscript known as Codex Sinaiticus.
Paper was invented by Cai Lun, an official of the Chinese Imperial court of Eastern Han. He used tree bark, rags hemp, and old fish nets to make paper. Paper started to be used in China, then spread around the world. Illustrated handwritten manuscripts were seen between 400-600 A.D.

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Clay tablets and papyrus scrolls

Long before the use of paper, the Stimarians - people of Mesopotamia who lived around 3500-3000 B.C. - invented the Cuneiform writing system. It consisted of pictographs and phonograms that was etched on clay tablets. This method of writing was around for 2000 years.
Papyrus Scroll...

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The first printed book

Block printing probably originated in China. The letter of Chinese alphabets were carved in mirror writing on large wooden blocks. The ink would be applied to the entire block, and then paper was pressed against the block. The oldest surviving printed book is the Buddhist t...

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Digitisation and digitalisation

The invention of the computer, microprocessor, and the internet has created a major digital transformation to books. E-books (electronic books) have become common.

However, nothing can change the fact that a book in any form - physical books, e-books or audiobooks, remains a pleasure.

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A revolution to printing and writing

In the 1440s, Johannes Gutenberg started to experiment with movable types. He made a metal movable type system of casting letters with screw press and hand mould. The machine was semi-mechanic but was very effective.
The first complete book printed on the movable type was the Guten...

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