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How to make rational decisions
The role of biases in decision-making
The impact of social norms on decision-making
“Our comforting conviction that the world makes sense rests on a secure foundation: our almost unlimited ability to ignore our ignorance.”
DANIEL KAHNEMAN
1K
5.98K reads
MORE IDEAS ON THIS
Anchoring Effect
Anchors are arbitrary values that we consider for an unknown quantity before encountering that quantity.
Anchors are known to influence many things, including the number of money people are willing to pay for products they have not seen.
So before choosing th...
999
4.71K reads
“Intelligence is not only the ability to reason; it is also the ability to find relevant material in memory and to deploy attention when needed.”
DANIEL KAHNEMAN
1.04K
4.02K reads
Understanding 2 Systems
System 1 comprises the oldest parts of the brain. It operates automatically and involuntarily. This system is always functioning and is responsible for most of the day-to-day activities. It is also responsible for our reactions to danger, novelty, and intuition.
Sys...
1.01K
5.98K reads
Confirmation Bias
Within WYSIATI, people will be quick to seize on limited evidence that confirms their existing perspective. And they will ignore or fail to seek evidence that runs contrary to the coherent story they have already created in their mind.
Just ask yourself - "Why do we...
998
2.82K reads
Bat and Ball Problem
Try to solve this problem -
"A bat and a ball cost $1.10 in total. The bat costs $1.00 more than the ball. How much does the ball cost?"
-
-
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If you say $1 for the ba...
983
6.4K reads
Status Quo Bias
System 1 defaults to choices that maintain the status quo because System 1 psychologically weighs losses twice as much as gains (loss aversion). System 1 is emotionally attached to objects it owns or invests in (the endowment effect) and overvalues the status quo...
1.04K
3.15K reads
“Nothing in life is as important as you think it is, while you are thinking about it”
DANIEL KAHNEMAN
1.13K
9.92K reads
Answer To Bat & Ball Problem
In this type of case you just need to use your system 2 and spend some time with it. And you will get the answer as $1.05 for bat and 5 cent for the ball.
Now the ball is $1 more than the bat.
971
4.5K reads
Availability Bias
The bias of availability happens when we give too much weight to recent evidence or experience.
If we don’t check for the ‘Availability Bias’ (or what psychologists call the mere‐exposure effect) prior to an important decision, then our preference will be b...
1.07K
3.99K reads
“A reliable way to make people believe in falsehoods is frequent repetition because familiarity is not easily distinguished from truth. Authoritarian institutions and marketers have always known this fact.”
DANIEL KAHNEMAN
1.07K
4.31K reads
“The confidence that individuals have in their beliefs depends mostly on the quality of the story they can tell about what they see, even if they see little.”
DANIEL KAHNEMAN
995
3.85K reads
Loss Aversion
Ask yourself “If I flipped a coin and could lose $100 on tails or win $150 on heads, would you take the bet?” Did you feel a slight hesitation to the gamble? Most people do, even though it’s a reasonable bet to take.
Losses loom larger than gains - relative to a ref...
1K
3.17K reads
Framing Effect
Imagine that there is an outbreak of a deadly disease that will kill 600 people and you must choose between the two options -
- Option 1: Guarantees that 200 people will live.
- Option 2: Provides a one-third probability that all 600 people will ...
1.03K
3.65K reads
Tunnel Vision Bias
System 1 loves to use limited information to form quick judgments and then block out conflicting information. The author Daniel Kahneman calls it W‐Y‐S‐I‐A‐T‐I (What You See Is All There Is).
Kahneman explains that System 1 sees two or three pieces of information and t...
1.02K
3.05K reads
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A learner who loves to share wisdom on personal growth, happiness, and success on Deepstash. Topics include motivation, habits, goals, and mindset. Believes that everyone can achieve their dreams with the right attitude and action.
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Why we build walls
- We evolved this way. For thousands of years, our ability to band together against a common enemy (weather, wild beasts, other tribes) was life-saving.
- Knowing who we are makes us feel secure. With countless labels, we build up this creation we call our self. And it’s e...
Attention = Focusing + Ignoring
Paying attention involves two separate distinct brain functions:
- “enhancement” - our ability to focus on things that matter)
- “suppression” - our ability to ignore the things that don’t.
Information that matches our beliefs
We surround ourselves with it: We tend to like people who think like us; if we agree with someone's beliefs, we're more likely to be friends with them.
This makes sense, but it means that we subconsciously begin to ignore or dismiss anything that threatens our world views
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