David R.

A hypothesis is an initial statement regarding the cause and effect in a specific situation. It can be tested by experimentation and observation or by statistical analysis of probabilities from data. A useful hypothesis allows predictions by using deductive reasoning.

Sometimes a hypothesis is developed before new knowledge or technology can test it. The ancient Greeks proposed the concept of atoms, but it could only be tested centuries later.

Flashcards can be a powerful learning tool, but they can also be a waste of time.

• They are powerful because retrieval and spacing are key to memory. If you have a lot of information to memorise, flashcards will help you the best.
• But flashcards can also waste your time. You may memorise something you don't need, or fail to memorise the important things. But most of all, flashcards can be a way to avoid doing the real thing.

A mental map is a first-person perspective of an area that an individual possesses. This is a type of subconscious map that shows the individual what places look like and how to interact with them.

Every individual has their own mental map, a large and a small one, wherein the former is used to recall towns, states, and countries; while the latter is to navigate smaller areas like your home, or the way to your favorite cafe. We subconsciously use our mental maps to plan all of our activities.

• Jootsing or “Jumping Out Of The System” is a technique to encourage creativity in science, philosophy, and the arts.
• All systems have rules. With jootsing, a system’s rules can be used as a starting point to work against.
• The term was coined by Douglas Hofstadter, an American scholar of cognitive science, physics, and comparative literature.

The war-torn countries of the 1940s, Germany and Japan, quickly recovered and exceeded the expectations of the world, ranking much higher in development than many countries who had not experienced war.

Progress happens at an exponential rate when people learn new things, and when there is collective pain, suffering and misery, people learn a lot.

1. Creativity is only needed at the top. The truth is that creativity applies to everything. The executives are not only the ones who experience conflict, everyone does.
2. People are creative (or not) based on what they do. But creativity does not only appear for artistic people. It manifests in every field.
3. Creativity can’t be developed. But creativity is not born, it is developed by continuous practice and focus.
4. "Creativity isn’t my job". In reality, creativity must be applied at all levels. Everyone could benefit from being creative.
5. _"My technical skills and experience are enough." _The truth is those skills and experiences could be enhanced with creativity. Don't just rely on what you know, be creative in applying it.

The Helsinki Bus Station Theory broadly means that our creativity, life and career paths may seem the same as we begin, but our uniqueness and real creative work starts as we branch out eventually, discovering our niche, and being masters of our work in a unique way.

Due to factors such as ‘analysis paralysis’, many people are unable to resolve a problem, feeling uncomfortable and experiencing confusion and obstacles, falling into the state of indeterminacy.

Some people take the problems head-on even if they don’t understand them fully, and others pretend that they understand, but do not.

When most people think of philosophy, they believe philosophers simply argue about arguing. Philosophy is viewed as impractical and irrelevant to current issues.

In reality, philosophy is likely more useful and important to the average person today than any other time in history.

This fallacy occurs when a person makes a threat of physical or psychological violence against others if they refuse to accept the conclusions offered. It can also happen when a person claims that accepting a conclusion or idea will lead to harm or disaster.

Children are more prone to this fallacy when they say, "If you don't agree, I'll punish you!"