"Hanger"-the at-times hard-to-pin-down emotion that combines hunger and anger-is a very real phenomenon. Previous research has investigated hanger in the lab. But a laboratory setting doesn't mirror everyday life, so researchers wanted to better understand the connection between Hunger and Anger out in the real world.

I'm Hangry(Hungry, And Therefore Angry)

<ul><li>The results of the present study suggest that the experience of being hangry is real</li><li>Being hungry may cause folks to view the world more negatively in general</li><li>Past research has also linked low blood sugar with increased aggression, impulsivity and anger, as well as the release of stress hormones</li><li>Once folks recognize that they're feeling irritable because they're hungry, there's a simple solution to feeling better: grabbing a quick bite to eat</li></ul>

Real World Survey

A new study explores the link between hunger and anger in the real world—and finds a connection

Stashed ideas

Getting 'Hangry' Is Real, Science Suggests

<ul><li class="ql-align-justify">There are three things that give life meaning: a project, a significant relationship and a redemptive view of suffering.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">If we want true satisfaction in life, we have to rise above the pettiness of our own desires and do what is required of us.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Clarity comes with action.</li><li class="ql-align-justify">Discovering your calling is not a destination. It’s more about the trip, the adventure. About the trains, you choose to jump in or not.</li></ul>

Key Takeaways From The Book

We are tempted to blame ourselves for not knowing exactly what we were “programmed” to do in life for a living. It seems that we pass through all the key moments, decisive ones, without paying enough attention to where we fit best.To which field we belong. And we wake up one day asking ourselves:“What do I like the most doing in this life?”At first sight, this question may seem simple. Easy. But the answer is a long-term key to our future’s door.

The Art Of Work: The Premise

We are blaming ourselves for not having already born with a clear calling in our minds.Is the calling just a natural fact that appears suddenly?You don’t ‘just know’ what your calling is. You must listen for clues along the way, discovering what your life can tell you. Awareness comes with practice.

Preparation Of Your Journey

Opportunities to learn and grow are available, if we’re willing to look in the right places and humbly accept what we find.Discovering your calling is not an epiphany but a series of intentional decisions.

Action

To find out which is your calling it takes time. Usually the entire time of your life.Your calling is not a job. It is your entire life.  We look at seven stages to finding your life’s work that serves as a model to us.

The Calling: 7 Stages

Awareness is a sense that something more is possible. Our job is to realize that life is more than what beats the eye and there are clear hints along the path of discovering our true self.It is not an easy road, we have to be willing to step out of the box and see the bigger picture and start acting.

Stage 1: Awareness

In the past, apprenticeship meant working with a mentor for several years and learning the skills from a mentor. Nowadays that situation is completely different and the individual is left by himself to find his calling.Accidental apprenticeships are everywhere you look. You may find it in different stages from your life, and they can help you find your calling, simply by serving as a model, or by giving you an advice at the right place and at the right moment.

Stage 2: Apprenticeship

Practice is significant in our journey because it can teach you what you are and are not meant to do.By practicing you will find what you want to do in life. If you failed at something, it means that you were not meant for that type of activity.

Stage 3: Practice

The journey continues with discovery.“Any great discovery especially that of your life’s work is never a single moment. In fact, epiphany is an evolutionary process; it happens in stages.”In order to discover our vocation, we need to keep in mind that it may take longer than we first assumed. But that does not mean that it will not happen. So be sure to take the hints that life presents and seize every opportunity as if you will not come across it twice.

Stage 4: Discovery

A profession is seen as the result of different tries that we achieve after a long and strenuous practice. It can be considered a form of mastery.True mastery is about greatness, about doing something that pushes the limitations of what others think is possible or even sensible.

Stage 5: Profession

True mastery means greatness and breaking the limitations boundaries of what others think is possible or even sensible.It is relatively easier to attain mastery in something you like doing.

Stage 7: Mastery

What lies at the end of the road is a prize that money can’t buy and a legacy the world won’t forget.These views on work and life itself are quite practical in our daily lives.You have found your own calling if it’s something really familiar to you, you are very good at it, and other people recognize this in you.

Stage 6: Legacy

It's easy to practice when the activity brings joy to us.

A calling is what you have when you look back at your life and make sense of what it’s been trying to teach you all along.

The basic idea of a portfolio life is that instead of thinking of your work as a monolithic activity, what if you chose to see it as the complex group of interests, passions, and activities it is?

A deep dive into what work is and what is should be.

On his thirtieth birthday, Jeff Goins quit his job and began his pursuit of becoming a full-time writer. While certainly that was a milestone day, it was still less significant than the ones that lead to that memorable moment. The journey he took leading up to that daring decision involved twists, turns, and surprises he never expected. In the end, he found his life’s purpose, his calling; and in The Art of Work, he wants to share his journey with you and help you, too, discover your life’s work, along with the invaluable treasure that comes with doing so.As writer, keynote speaker, and award-winning blogger Jeff Goins explains, our search for discovering the task we were born to do begins with passion but does not end there. Only when our interests connect with the needs of the world do we begin living for a larger purpose. Those who experience this intersection experience something exceptional and enviable. Though it is rare, as Jeff discovered along the journey he shares in this one-of-a-kind book, such a life is attainable by anyone brave enough to try. Through personal experience, compelling case studies, and current research on the mysteries of motivation and talent, Jeff shows readers how to find the vocation they were meant for and what to expect during the long, arduous journey to discovering and pursuing it.

The Art of Work

We are constantly researching and discovering new creative people in our line of work. The ones who rise to the surface usually have something in common.The designers, artists, illustrators, photographers and animators who get noticed either:A. Are extremely talented or skilledB. Have a “thing”C. Have a “thing” and are extremely good at itIt’s the exceptions that get attention. To find a story newsworthy, a journalist needs an angle. For your work to stand out, you need an angle, too. That leaves you with one of the three above options: Option B.

What We Do What Others Cannot

Now the tricky part is, you can’t necessarily fake or force this 'thing'. The people who become known for their niche usually don’t start out with the desire to become known. They are simply pursuing a weird, unusual, singular interest – and going all-in on that.The point is that you open yourself up to your genuine, specific and even weird fixations.

That Quirky Thing We Have

This passion may be fleeting, and that’s fine. It’s those passing interests that lead people to some of their best side projects. And those side projects inevitably lead to other opportunities. The point is that you open yourself up to your genuine, specific and even weird fixations. Don’t judge them. Don’t overthink them. Just follow them and see where they lead you.
If something specific fascinates you – even if it’s as seemingly mundane as the way light hits dust in a photograph, or how chewed gum might look like an animated character – let yourself follow that interest as far as your heart desires.

Get Going At Your Niche

On finding your niche

We are often told to find a job we're passionate about to sidestep a dull career. The idea is that you should pursue a passion in your career above fair compensation or job security. But passion goes further. It is loaded with the idea that you'll do whatever it takes, and this can lead to exploitation and inequality in the workplace.

Pursuing your passion

Prioritising passion is a relatively new career concept. In the 1940s and '50s, career advice centred around stability, and workers were encouraged to find positions that would support them and their families. However, self-expression as the main motivator took over during the 1970s - 90s. At the same time, industries that provided long-term, stable employment started to outsource their labour. Currently, workers don't stay at one company for long. The idea is that passion should fuel workers, not job security.

Passion hasn't always been a priority 

Steve Jobs and many of his peers famously followed their passion and pursued business ideas that were hugely successful.
However, finding success after following your passion is not guaranteed. We don't hear the stories of people who failed when they followed their passions. Research shows that wealthier families are more likely to have stable jobs in line with their passions than people from less affluent backgrounds.

When we praise passion, we reward privilege

People motivated by passion are more likely to work harder, but they may not be paid more. Sometimes, the lack of compensation is on purpose. Many employers what to hire people who are passionate because they think they'll work harder without demanding a pay increase.

Employers can take advantage of workers who work for passion

People who work in education, health care, social work, journalism and other fields that prioritise passion are known to work long hours, which can lead to burnout, resentment, and resignation. Separating your sense of dedication from the number of extra hours you put into the job can be good in the long run. When an organisation give workers more rest and control over their schedule, they'll be more productive and creative.

Pushing passion doesn't guarantee better work

Keep in mind that passion wasn't always a priority for workers. If you don't feel passionate about your job, it doesn't mean you can't perform well, nor does it mean that you can't live a happy life. Instead, ask what things excite you outside of work and how can you invest time and energy into that.

You don't have to nurture your passions through work

Passion and work often feel inextricably linked, but that's a fairly new phenomenon — and maybe it shouldn't be the expectation. Sociologist Erin A. Cech talks about why the career-passion combo favors privilege and can lead to burnout.

It's OK to not be passionate about your job : Life Kit

We may feel that we are not smart enough to do what we do. One explanation for this is the Dunning-Kruger effect: when you are incompetent, you can't know you're incompetent and can't properly assess your own competence. Research shows that incompetent students think they are much better than they are and top students underestimate themselves.

Feeling insecure about what you know

When you start on a learning path, you may feel confident in learning, but the better you get, the more self-conscious you become of what you can't do or understand. When you delve deeper, you'll find some ideas that get sharpened and others that get more complicated and nuanced. It can cause you to start doubting yourself. This feeling of self-doubt is a feature of learning and arise from two causes:<ul><li>The structure of knowledge and skills</li><li>Social comparisons with experts</li></ul>

Delving into knowledge

Knowledge structures. The more knowledge you learn, the more subtle patterns appear. Consider learning English. The word "good" may be sufficient until you know words like "fine", "excellent", "stupendous", sublime."
Social comparisons. When you start, you may compare yourself to your peers. But the more you learn, the more you compare your quality to experts. Unfortunately, this is not always helpful.

Knowledge structures and social comparisons

There are two approaches:<ul><li>"Leave it to the experts." While it is true that the most informed speak the clearest, it is also true that fields of expertise can develop closed intellectual cultures where certain assumptions get ingrained.  The best answers come from open and deliberate processes.</li><li>Try to be honest but humble. Do your best, and be open to changing your mind if some people who know more than you disagree with you.</li></ul>

Dealing with intellectual insecurity

How do you cope with feelings of intellectual inadequacy? Are the stupid really cocksure while the smartest are full of doubt?

What if You Don't Feel Smart Enough?

Knowing how to defend yourself in case it is needed is a good feeling. But the concept of self-defence is broad and includes many schools of thought.
Before you pay for self-defence classes, there are some things you should know that will help you in the long run.

Self-defence encompasses many schools of thought

Much of the general self-defence curriculum attempts to teach students how to recognise the signs of risky situations that may not be inherently obvious. Learning how to de-escalate threats and avoid potential danger without compromising your safety is a remarkable skill. However, a program can point out what usually works best, but each situation is unique, and the best decision rests with the individual.

The general self-defence class

Many martial arts fakers teach unrealistic and often foolish techniques. For example, it's good to learn how to knee an assailant in the groin, but it becomes instantly dangerous if they claim that these techniques can equip you with the skill to overcome multiple attackers. You should be aware in what discipline your instructor trained. You want to take a self-defence course at a martial arts school that offers instruction in a specific discipline.

Choosing a self-defence course or martial arts instructor

The goal of being prepared for self-defence is different from training in a specific martial art. Yet, learning a particular style might equip you to apply your skills if necessary. Practical experience or years of training in a specific self-defence style, whether it's Judo, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, kickboxing, karate, etc., is the best way to become prepared for a dangerous situation.

Understand your own training goals

Here's how to choose a self-defense class or martial arts instructor to get what you're looking for.

Self Improvement

Are Self-Defense Classes Really Worth It?

Arthur C Clarke arguably did more than any other author since HG Wells and Jules Verne to catapult his mind into the future, taking a vast global readership along with him for the invariably wild ride. As a science writer, he conjured up the idea of a ‘personal transceiver’ small enough to be carried about, enabling contact with anyone in the world and also featuring global positioning, making getting lost a thing of the past. That essay was written back in 1959, and what he was essentially describing was the mobile phone.

The Personal Transceiver - Predicting The Mobile Phone

It's a 1968 epic science fiction film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick. The screenplay was written by Kubrick and Arthur C Clarke.The idea sprang from The Sentinel (Clarke’s story) , a short story written for a BBC competition in 1948. It didn’t win, but in 1964, he and Stanley Kubrick decided to develop it simultaneously into a novel and a screenplay. It remains the definitive space film. It also happened to forecast the iPad, computer software that is able to read lips, and space stations.

2001: A Space Odyssey

Trying to predict the future is a discouraging and hazardous occupation.

As a scientist, many of Arthur C Clarke’s predictions for the future came true. But his wildly imaginative science-fiction writing is his greatest legacy.

The fiction that predicted space travel

<ul>
<li>One legend is that Ancient Rome was founded on 21 April 753 BCE by two brothers and demigods, Romulus and Remus. But Romulus killed Remus in an argument of who should rule and then named the city after himself.</li>
<li>Another legend is that the city was named after Roma, a woman. The fall of Troy caused the survivors to move on. When they landed on the banks of the Tiber River, Roma and other women objected to moving on.</li>
<li>Others think the city came from Rumon, the name for the Tiber River.</li>
</ul>

The foundation legends of Rome

Rome was a small town on the banks of the Tiber and developed through trade. Seven kings ruled the city as it grew. Greek culture and civilization came to Rome from Greek colonies and gave the Romans a model on which to build their own culture.
From early on, the Romans improved upon the skills and concepts of other cultures. When Lucius Junius Brutus overthrew the last of the seven kings in 509 BCE, Brutus reformed the system of government and established the Roman Republic.

Early Rome

<ul>
<li>Roman warfare made the ancient city a powerful force. The Punic Wars (wars with the North African city of Carthage) helped the city to grow. With Carthage defeated, Rome dominated the region.</li>
<li>But with growth, the city of Rome started to suffer from the effects of greed and corruption. Unemployed Romans hired themselves out as thugs to whatever wealthy senator would pay them.</li>
<li>In the 2nd century BCE, Tiberius and Gaius, the Gracchi brothers, led a land and political reform movement.</li>
</ul>

Ancient Rome: War & Expansion

Rome was divided across the class line. The ruling class called themselves optimates (the best men). They favoured the power of the Senate of Rome and the superiority of the ruling class.
The lower classes were known as the populares (the people). They favoured reform and democratisation of the Roman Republic.

Ancient Rome: The optimates and the populares

Three men with opposing ideologies unwittingly brought an end to the Roman Republic.
<ul>
<li>Marcus Licinius Crassus was the richest man in Rome but also corrupt. Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus and Gaius Julius Ceasar were great generals who made Rome wealthy.</li>
<li>The three, vying for power, could keep each other in check, but Crassus was killed in battle. With Crassus gone, the First Triumvirate disintegrated, and Pompey and Caesar met each other in battle where Caesar's forces defeated Pompey's.</li>
</ul>

The end of the Roman Republic

<ul>
<li>Julius Caesar ended the period of the Republic by having the Senate proclaim him dictator. He was popular among the people and created a strong and secure central government that increased prosperity for Rome.</li>
<li>He was assassinated by a group of Roman senators in 44 BCE. They feared that he was becoming too powerful and might abolish the Senate.</li>
<li>Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony), Gaius Octavius Thurinus and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus joined forces and defeated the senators in 42 BCE.</li>
</ul>

Julius Caesar's reign and death

<ul>
<li>Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus formed the Second Triumvirate of Rome. They were all very ambitious.</li>
<li>It was agreed that Lepidus should rule over Hispania and Africa, Octavian should rule the Roman lands in the West and Antony the lands in the East.</li>
<li>Antony was involved with the Egyptian queen Cleopatra VII and caused a war with Octavian. Octavian emerged as the victor and sole power in Rome. In 27 BCE, he was granted extraordinary powers by the Senate and took on the name of Augustus, the first Emperor of Rome.</li>
</ul>

Towards Empire

According to legend, Ancient Rome was founded by the two brothers, and demigods, Romulus and Remus, on 21 April 753 BCE. The legend claims that in an argument...

Ancient Rome

<ul><li>They don't hold on to grudges. Forgiving and forgetting is absolutely necessary.</li><li>They don't make excuses. They use failure as an opportunity to change for the better.</li></ul>

Happy people are responsible

<ul><li>They savor the moment. They "stop to smell the roses".</li><li>They're busy, but not rushed. A healthy work-life balance is key.</li><li> They don't sweat the small stuff. They focus only of what is important and within their control.</li></ul>

Happy people are well rounded people

<ul><li>They spend money on others. One reason is that it creates social connections.</li><li>They celebrate other people's success through "active and constructive" responding.</li><li>They treat everyone with respect and kindness. Kindness, like happiness, is contagious.</li><li>They're proactive about relationships. They work on maintaining their relationships.</li><li>They express gratitude. It improves mood and energy and decreases anxiety.</li><li>They engage in deep, meaningful conversations.</li></ul>

Happy people invest in their relationships

<ul><li>They're optimistic. Bad things happen to all of us. Happy people don't complain, whine or let pessimism become a self-fulling prophecy.</li><li>They view problems as challenges. They focus on solutions to the problem and reflect on what they're grateful for.</li></ul>

The attitude of happy people

<ul><li>They meditate daily. It gives your mind a much-needed break and only takes a couple of minutes each day.</li><li>They get enough sleep.</li><li>They spend time in nature. We are physically and mentally more healthy when we are interacting with nature.</li><li>They reward themselves. </li><li>They spend time alone to reflect on their dreams, desires, worries, anxieties and what to be grateful for.</li><li>They have a morning ritual. It sets the stage for how the day is going to play out. </li><li>They take care of themselves.</li></ul>

Personal activities of happy people

Happiness is contagious. When you surround yourself with other people who are happy and supportive, you'll be able to build self-confidence, boost your creativity and just have more fun in general.

Choosing the right company

<ul><li>They dream big and work hard to turn those dreams into achievable goals.</li><li>They have a growth mindset. They want to improve and are willing to overcome challenges.</li></ul>

Happy people consider the future

11 min read Opinions expressed by Entrepreneur contributors are their own. What's the secret to happiness? That can differ according to the person involved. But we do know that happy people have different habits and think differently than those who are miserable.

25 Habits of Successful and Extremely Happy People

If you're overly stressed out and just unhappy with your work situation then you need to face your fear of failure head on and just walk away.
Sometimes a bad situation is just a bad situation and no amount of resiliency or strength is going to change the fact that you have to remove yourself from that situation. There is no shame in quitting.

It's OK to walk away

<ol>
<li>Everyone is just winging it. Even the people you see in social media don't have it altogether and are just building their narratives as they go on.</li>
<li>Be wary of analysis paralysis. There will always be books, podcasts, and articles that will change your perspective but keep in mind to only choose the ones that have the most impact.</li>
<li>Focus on one step at a time. It's overwhelming when we think about the enormity of a new challenge, so it's okay to take things slow until you get the hang of it.</li>
</ol>

Managing Feelings f=For the Growth Zone

<ul>
<li>The Comfort Zone - this is where you do things where you feel 100% confident in yourself.</li>
<li>The Growth Zone - you will be challenged in this area, attain new skills, or use the current skills you have in new contexts. It's easier to face the risk of failure in this zone especially if you have a strong support system.</li>
<li>The Panic Zone - in this zone your body's fight or flight response becomes triggered and this zone may cause chronic stress, paralysis, and burnout.</li>
</ul>

The 3-Zone Diagram

A junior marketer asks a question about growth and how to make the most of a work situation she never asked for.

Getting 'Hangry' Is Real, Science Suggests

The Art of Work

On finding your niche

It's OK to not be passionate about your job : Life Kit

What if You Don't Feel Smart Enough?

Joanne (Jo)