Beginning a new learning journey can be exciting. Beginnings are full of hope and possibilities. Starting something new can give us a glimpse of what could be if we stick with something long enough to see it through.Becoming aware of the following five learning stages and knowing that what you’re going through is completely normal may help you push through the sticking points of the learning process and keep going, even when you might have otherwise given up hope and quit.

The Five Learning Stages

The first stage of learning is called unconscious incompetence. In this stage of learning, we don’t know what we don’t know.For most people, whether you’re trying to learn a new language, play a new instrument, or learn complicated jiu-jitsu moves, this first stage of learning starts as fun and exciting. In the beginning, any flashes of success feel monumental.

Stage One: Unconscious Incompetence

This is the rude awakening you get when you realize all you don’t know. For many people, if they didn’t already quit in the blissful beginner stage, this second stage — or the suck — does them in.The suck is where it slowly dawns on you just how much you don’t know. You start learning the rules of the game. You start trying to apply those rules, and as you do, get more in your head. You start to force things and can no longer get into flow. Even if you are making progress, you may feel like you’re going backwards because you’re now aware of all you’re doing wrong.

Stage two: Conscious Incompetence

During the conscious competence learning stage, you know how to reach your goal but have to concentrate hard on your task. Nothing is automatic.In this stage, your new learnings are still fragile and not yet cemented in your neural circuits — meaning you haven’t committed your new learning to your long-term memory. Because of this, you have to practice diligently and often or risk forgetting what you’ve learned.

Stage Three: Conscious Competence

Stage four of learning is when you fully internalize all that you’ve learned. You can execute your new skills automatically and without having to think beforehand. This is the stage of learning when you’re most likely to regularly get into the zone because you can stop thinking so much. Instead, you just let your body or mind take over and do what you already know how to do.Whatever your new skill, this is when things feel less like a struggle and more flowy. Reaching this stage starts to feel fun and rewarding — like all your hard work has finally paid off.

Stage Four: Unconscious Competence

The last stage of learning is when you can teach what you do unconsciously to others. It requires a deep understanding of what you’ve learned and an ability to communicate it to beginners.Many people never get here, and the reality is that the younger you learned, the less likely you will be able to teach well. This is why high-level athletes that have been training since they were young are not always the best teachers. They have so deeply internalized all they’ve learned that they’re not always sure how to teach it to others.

Stage Five: Conscious Unconscious Competence

Beginning a new learning journey can be exciting. Beginnings are full of hope and possibilities. Starting something new can give us a glimpse of what could be if we stick with something long enough…

Stashed ideas

The Five Stages of Learning and How to Apply Them to Any Skill

Studies reveal that employees can forget as much as 50 percent to 80 percent when learning is not reinforced after the training event. <ul><li>When bite-sized learning content is easily and readily accessible, learners can take it at their own pace, wherever they are, and most importantly, when they are “ready.”</li><li>Because bite-sized courses are more focused, learners don’t have to clutter their memories with irrelevant information. This makes retention easier.</li><li>Learners have to digest only small chunks of information. This makes comprehension easier without spending too much effort.</li></ul>

Microlearning is more efficient than traditional longer-duration courses

According to a <a href="http://campaign-for-learning.org.uk/cfl/assets/documents/Activitiesandworksheets/bitesize_law.pdf">survey on Learning and Development professionals</a>, a whopping 94% said that they prefer microlearning to traditional time-consuming courses because their learners prefer it (Boyette, 2012). The C-suite too has realized the efficacy of microlearning in addressing the needs of <a href="https://www.shiftelearning.com/blog/what-do-modern-learners-actually-want-from-your-elearning-courses">modern learners</a>.Millennial learners demand that training is<ul><li>Customized to their needs</li><li>On-demand</li><li>Informal</li></ul>

8 out of 10 L & D professionals favor microlearning

According to a report, learners would use their company’s learning tools more if the courses are shorter. Some helpful tips:<ul><li>Create your bite-sized courses to resemble social media content—on-demand, engaging, and media-rich.</li><li>Engage your audience right from the start and keep at it until the end of the module.</li><li>Cut to the chase. Do away with the history, the background information, and the theories. Deliver the “how-to” right away. Remember, your learners are looking for just-in-time solutions.</li></ul>

Microlearning creates 50% more engagement

ML is the need of the hour because of <a href="https://www.trainingindustry.com/learning-technologies/articles/is-bite-size-learning-the-way-to-engage-the-modern-distracted-learner.aspx">the way the average modern learner functions in his daily life</a>. Here’s what a study carried out by the UCI has found: <ul><li>Your employee works on a task for about 11 minutes before he is interrupted by a ring or ding of the phone, a popping email, or his co-worker who has come up to his desk.</li><li>Within that span of 11 minutes, he engages in multiple short and quick tasks that average about 3 minutes each.</li><li>If the task involves consuming digital information, he spends just 20 seconds browsing one piece of content before he clicks or flicks through to the next.</li></ul>

Learning in stretches of 3-7 minutes matches the working memory capacity and attention spans of humans

According to learning architect Ray Jimenez by creating micro-courses learning developers can reduce costs by 50% and increase the speed of development by 300%.  Here’s why:<ul><li>There’s no need to pay for the instructor’s time, buy or rent physical classrooms and pay for the utilities, and spend money on classroom equipment.</li><li>It is easier and less time- and resource-intensive to update digital information than reprint training manuals and conduct supplementary classroom training sessions.</li><li>It is easier and less time-consuming to roll out microlearning courses because they are modular in nature.</li></ul>

Reduce development costs by 50% and increase the speed of development by 300% with micro eLearning courses

Adopting microlearning creates a win-win situation for both you and the learners. It is not late to go small now.

Long training sessions are over; microlearning is the new effective way to train adult corporate learners. Shift E-learning it’s the way forward!

Why Microlearning is Better for Your Learners

You can only get good at chess if you love the game. You need to be endlessly fascinated with chess and see its infinite potential. Enjoy the adventure. Losing doesn't matter. Every game should teach you something.  Ensure to play people better than you and be prepared to lose. The more you learn, the better chance you have of winning.

Love the game

Don't feel that you have to set out all your pieces. Start with the pawns, then add the pieces. Understand how a pair of bishops can dominate the board, or the rooks can take paws in the endgame, and why the queen and knight can work together so well. Once you know the basics, use online resources to play and help analyse games. Find human opponents too. If you become really serious, join a chess club in your area.

The beginner

Find a player you like and follow their career. For example, Bobby Fisher played clear and understandable. Other legendary figures include Morphy, Alekhine, Capablanca, Tal, Korchnoi and Shirov. If you want to start playing over-the-board tournaments, you need to join the chess federation in your country. You will get a rating after playing a certain number of official games.

Study the games of great masters of the past

You don’t have to be a polymath like Beth Harmon in The Queen’s Gambit to improve your game

How to get good at chess

<ul><li>Although Elon musk obtained not one but two degrees he is not someone who credits his college education to his success. In fact, he feels just the opposite. He has been very vocal about his criticisms of the modern education system.</li><li>Musk attended the University of Pennsylvania and received his bachelor's degree in both economics and physics; he intended to obtain his Ph.D. from Stanford but left soon after to co-found the web software company Zip2 along with his brother.</li><li>He decided to take his education into his own hands turning instead to textbooks and individuals with specialized knowledge.</li></ul>

Taking Education Into Your Own Hands

<ul><li>One of the earliest people Elon Musk reached out to is Jim Cantrell, who worked for the French Space Agency or CNES from 1990 to 1992 and then came back to the US  where he began consulting for aerospace agencies. </li><li>Musk called him out of the blue in 2001 and asked about the possibility of sending a spacecraft to mars + building the rockets himself. </li><li>Cantrell lent him some of his textbooks about rocket propulsion fundamentals of astrodynamics and the international reference guide to space launch systems.</li><li>After reading them, Musk developed the plans for the rocket that would eventually be used by S<warningtag>paceX.</warningtag></li></ul>

Reaching Out To The Right People

Another principle that Elon Musk follows in his quest for self-education is surrounding himself with the best and the brightest people. He would strike up conversations with people who were the best in their field, acquire their knowledge and expertise through discussions, and then try to replicate that knowledge when he applied it to his endeavors.It is for this reason that he keeps a close network of industry experts some of whom he even employs. In fact, Jim Cantrell actually worked with Musk at SpaceX for a time before moving on to his own ventures.

Surrounding Yourself With The Brightest People

Elon Musk admitted in an interview that he was raised by books and then his parents. His reading history is impressive: when he was just nine years old he reportedly read the entire Encyclopedia Britannica, then moved on to almost exclusively reading science fiction novels for about 10 hours per day. Although the average person probably doesn't have 10 hours a day to dedicate to reading, some of the richest and most talented people will tell you that one of the secrets to their success is that they read constantly: take the example of  Warren Buffett, Bill Gates, Oprah Winfrey, and Mark Cuban.

Reading Habits of Successful People

What separates Musk from people who just read books is that he applies the knowledge he acquires.Musk has stated that he has two basic principles for knowledge acquisition and application: <ol><li>the first is that he reviews knowledge in his words as sort of a semantic tree; he encourages people to make sure they understand the fundamental principles.</li><li>the second principle is that it is nearly impossible to remember what you can't connect. The correct function of our brains and acquiring knowledge is not just to store random facts in order to learn. We have to practice putting that information to use.</li></ol>

Applying What You Read

How Elon Musk was able to accomplish so many things. Because Elon Musk has special methods, that's how he learned rocket science. That's how he learned anything he wanted. This is a very educational video, so don't miss it. SUBSCRIBE AND THEN IF YOU WON'T LIKE IT, OKAY YOU CAN UNSUBSCRIBE ╔═╦╗╔╦╗╔═╦═╦╦╦╦╗╔═╗ ║╚╣║║║╚╣╚╣╔╣╔╣║╚╣═╣ ╠╗║╚╝║║╠╗║╚╣║║║║║═╣ ╚═╩══╩═╩═╩═╩╝╚╩═╩═╝ Elon Musk Destroys Apple https://youtu.be/MXIswmG5xyE Elon Musk: I Will Tell You All about The Aliens: https://youtu.be/d8RBC3F2kC8 Elon Musk"Stop Blaming President for Everything" https://youtu.be/LqI_JoXdCZk Why Elon Musk Fires people https://youtu.be/Q47kZwvrrdo Elon Musk - "Delete Your Facebook" https://youtu.be/HA7bhpDaQ3Q Connect with us on Social Media: Connect on Twitter: https://twitter.com/DBBusinessPage Connect on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dbbusinessofficial Connect on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DBBusiness About Business Inquiries: dbbusinessytdep@gmail.com For my channel optimization I use TubeBoddy: http://bitly.ws/9mtn For Music I use Epidemicsound: http://bitly.ws/anbV ****** For any issues, this is our email: dbbusinessytdep@gmail.com DISCLAIMER: Links included in this description might be affiliate links. If you purchase a product or service with the links that I provide, I may receive a small commission. There is no additional charge to you! Thank you for supporting this channel, so I can continue to provide you with free content each week! Copyright © DB Business 2021 #ElonMusk #Musk #howtolearnanything

How To Learn Anything, Anywhere - Elon Musk

<h3>Over 78% of people globally own a smartphone and rely on it for completing tasks. As a result, MLearning has become a necessity.</h3> L&D leaders should consider if their current training strategy is in line with a mobile-first future and how their organisation can take advantage of this technology.

mLearning is a necessity

<h3>mLearning is a term used to describe learning from a personal electronic device that connects to the internet, such as mobile, laptops and tablets.</h3> Mobile learning can be used to deliver the following content types and more: <ul><li>eLearning courses</li><li>Training videos</li><li>Audio lectures and podcasts</li><li>Blog posts</li><li>Interactive games</li><li>Virtual coaching sessions</li><li>Custom apps</li></ul> A survey showed that 72% of respondents rated mLearning as likely to increase engagement. Another study found mobile learners completed their courses almost twice as fast.

mLearning (mobile learning)

L&D leaders should ensure the solutions they invest in are compatible with the latest mobile technology.  One way is to find responsive authoring tools, which will allow developers to create content that can adjust to various devices and screen sizes.

Find the right tool for the job

One main consideration is how to best deliver content for use on mobile devices. Poor user experience is one of the biggest barriers to satisfaction. L&D leaders can ensure their LMS offers a well-designed and easy-to-use mobile interface by asking learners specific questions about the UX. LMS should offer rich data tracking so teams can measure training progress.

Enhance user experience

47% of organisations use mobile devices in their training programs. They are expected to grow from $23 billion to $80 billion by 2027. This will lead to increased quantity and quality content choices. L&D teams can accommodate learner preferences by partnering with high quality, mobile-friendly content providers.

Look for quality

Companies with a bring-your-own-device approach must consider the additional resources needed to support a plethora of devices. The biggest challenges of delivering mLearning are bandwidth and connectivity issues as well as security challenges. These challenges can be addressed by having an ongoing partnership with IT.

Get support from IT

L&D teams can make mLearning content even more flexible and inclusive with offline content. Certain LMSs allow learners to pre-download content for easy access. Learners who take advantage of these features while connected to WiFi at the office won't need added data if they choose to view the content on the go. Technologies like SCORM allow user data to be harvested and synchronized once the learner is connected again.

Offer offline content

mLearning can use the existing tools on a smartphone to enhance the learning experience and make it more interactive and personalised. <ul><li>A device's GPS and push notifications can be used to offer applicable content based on a learner's specific location.</li><li>Learners can use their cameras to capture actual conditions in the field to share with other learners.</li><li>Chat features can help learners interact and collaborate.</li></ul>

Make it engaging


With people relying on mobile devices for more tasks than ever, mLearning is no longer simply nice to have, but a necessity. 

mLearning: A guide to mobile learning strategies and trends

In response to the tragedy of World War II, teacher Loris Malaguzzi helped the people from the town of Reggio Emilia to develop a new model of education. The idea was to use real-life experiences to enhance a child's learning.  Each child develops a love for discovery, forms a steady personality and learns to respect others.  The Reggio Emilia approach regards a child full of potential with an innate sense of curiosity and endless imagination. They are creative and capable of driving their own learning. They have a natural interest to explore and follow their interests.

The origin of Reggio Emilia education

Emilia uses a child-centred approach and project-based learning projects. Teachers observe and create opportunities for learning and discovery. The children take control and progress independently until the project is finished and can be shared with others. Throughout the project, children research, take risks, design and explore. They make hypotheses, try new things, investigate, play and imagine. They construct experiments and learn together. Mistakes are allowed and collaboration is encouraged. Teachers document projects through pictures, videos or written observations.

Describing Reggio Emilia's education

Children are encouraged to develop a sense of ownership of their progress, which create a love for lifelong learning. Children learn from adults, other students, and the environment. The classroom is rich in materials and designed to spark curiosity, creation and discovery. There are big windows to help the children see outside. Parents are regarded as part of this education so that when children return from school, they can continue to research and explore.

Children take ownership

In response to the tragedy of World War II, people from the town Reggio Emilia developed a new model of education. War ought to never happen again. The Reggio Emilia approach is based on the philosophy of “an image of a child”. All children are viewed as full of potential, with an innate sense of curiosity and endless imagination. They are creative, capable of constructing their own learning and they have a natural interest to explore. While they follow their own interests, they always stay connected with others. Adults nurture their learning by providing a rich environment and support. Special thanks to our Patrons: Ari, Avigail, Cedric Wang, Eva Marie Koblin, Julien Dumesnil, G3077r3y C0rc0ran, Roy H Roundy, Mathis and the others. You are absolutely wonderful!!! Join our supporters and help us reach students and teachers worldwide with friendly videos that explain difficult things simply: www.patreon.com/sprouts Read the entire script here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/19woIdDX4sN0Q0veOARmjNKMZzmQLwcccDRnm20kxhaU/edit?usp=sharing Sources: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca/bitstream/handle/1828/8015/Slipp_Kari_MEd_2017.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y http://www.reif.co.in/reggio-emilia-approach.html

Reggio Emilia Education

Content curation is a valuable skill in the field of education. When the focus is on student curation, it produces powerful learning. Practising content curation also aligns with the skills needed for the workforce.

Content curation

Students who are given a choice in selecting a topic for curating are more likely to engage deeply in learning, provided you offer a broad range of topics and allow the student the flexibility to take the curation project in a direction they personally connect with. This starts to resemble passion-based learning.

Personal connection

Students can select a topic of most interest to them, and then use a blog to share their curation work. Crucially, students need the teacher to provide feedback and comments daily on the student blogs through the life of the project so that students know their voice was being heard. The need to share and seek feedback adds more depth to understanding and helps to make new connections.

Sharing and authentic feedback

A museum curator describes the process of curating as "cherry-pick." Many of the items are left in the archives because not all the items are needed to tell the story the museum curator wants to tell. It is the same in content curation. When we curate, we cherry-pick the items that best tell the story we have in mind. We arrange the content in such a way to tell that story. That is why a blog or a curation tool that provides the ability to arrange, write, and reflect on the curated content is essential.

Storytelling

In the summer of 2012, I began an exploration of the concept of Content Curation, and what this meant for teachers and students. Little did I know at the time that my journey would involve curating…about curating.  Given the task of providing professional development for teachers to curate resources for backwards-designed units, I started researching…

Understanding Content Curation – A Refresh

There is a warning about being a generalist. “Jack of all trades, master of none.” “Equipped with knives all over, yet none is sharp,” “Nine trades, the tenth one — hunger.” Yet, many of the most impactful people have been generalists. Elon Musk, Steve Jobs, Richard Feynman, Ben Franklin, Thomas Edison, Leonardo Da Vinci, to name a few. The founders of the five largest companies in the world are polymaths. Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Warren Buffett, Larry Page, and Jeff Bezos

The most impactful people are generalists

A modern polymath can be defined as someone who becomes competent in at least three diverse domains and integrates them to create breakthrough ideas in new fields and industries. For example, Elon Musk has combined an understanding of physics, engineering, programming, design, manufacturing and business to create several multibillion-dollar companies in different fields. Specialists, by contrast, only focus on knowledge from their own field.

The era of the modern polymath

Several significant changes trending in our knowledge economy are disrupting conventional wisdom on the value of specialisation. In today's world, being a polymath is an advantage. People who love learning across fields can become more financially successful and impactful in their careers.

Being a modern polymath is the new normal

Creating an atypical combination of two or more skills that you’re merely competent in can lead to a world-class skill set. Scott Adams, the creator of Dilbert, combined his humour, mediocre illustration skills and interest in business culture to create one of the most popular comic strips of all time. He states if you want to become extraordinary in life, <ol><li>Become the best at one specific thing. Unfortunately, few people can manage that.</li><li>Become very good (top 25%) at two or more things. The combination will make what you do rare.</li></ol>

Combine two skills

Most creative breakthroughs come from making atypical combinations of skills. Researcher Brian Uzzi, a professor at the Northwestern University Kellogg School of Management, found that the most impactful scientific papers often have teams with atypical combinations of backgrounds. In another comprehensive study, Uzzi compared the results of academic papers by the number of citations they received and other papers they cited. The top-performing studies cited atypical combinations of other studies.

Making creative breakthroughs

It's never been easier to learn a new, valuable skill.<ul><li>The quality of knowledge in every domain is continually improving.</li><li>There is an abundance of free or affordable content from the world's top experts in every medium imaginable.</li></ul>

It's easy and fast to become competent in a new skill

<ul><li>One of the main ways that new skill sets, industries, and fields emerge is by combining them with old ones.</li><li>The number of new academic fields and business industries is increasing exponentially.</li><li>As the number of new skills increases, the number of possible combinations increases exponentially.</li></ul>

It's easier than ever to pioneer a new field, industry, or skill set

Fifteen years ago, none of the following professions existed:<ol><li>App developer</li><li>Social media manager</li><li>Driverless car engineer</li><li>Cloud computing specialist</li><li>Big data scientist</li><li>YouTube content creator</li></ol> Imagine if you could go back in time and master these skills before they became big? Image what skills are going to be valuable in the next 20 years? In an environment of accelerated change, we're going to have to become polymaths to survive. We'll have a dozen new careers, each requiring new skills.

Being a polymath future-proofs your career

Many of the biggest problems that face society and individuals can benefit from integrated disciplines. For example, obesity is complex. Many different fields are needed to solve the problem, such as exercise physiology, genetics, behavioural psychology, sociology, economics, marketing, general psychology, education, and nutrition.

Being a polymath sets you up to solve more complex problems

You can have a very valuable skill set globally, but if everyone also has that skill set, you're a commodity. However, becoming a polymath can help develop a unique skill set that few others have, making it possible to differentiate yourself. Peter Thiel ask of candidates he might hire, "What's the one thing you believe is true that no one else agrees with you on?" It tells you if you have rare and valuable ideas.

Being a polymath helps you stand out

Being a polymath will be the new normal. Polymaths who combine diverse skills to create innovations and solve complex problems will have an impact while generalists who fail to synthesise their knowledge will have no real impact. Specialists risk getting trapped as they focus on a narrow skill set and reputation. Their careers are fragile. If their professions disappear, it can become impossible to switch without starting over. Polymaths are anti-fragile. They adapt to changes in the environment. They can quickly combine their existing skill sets in multiple ways.

Make yourself anti-fragile

Use mental models to become a modern polymath. Mental models transcend disciplines. They are the links that connect disciplines together. For example, the 80/20 rule states that in many domains, 20 percent of your efforts will produce 80 percent of your results. You can use this mental model to improve efficiency in every area of your life and field of study. Identify the 20% of clients that create 80% of your business. Identify 20% of tasks that create 80% of your productivity, And so on.

How to become a modern polymath

The most comprehensive case that has ever been made for why nearly everyone should become a polymath in a modern knowledge economy. The warning against being a generalist has persisted for hundreds…

People Who Have “Too Many Interests” Are More Likely To Be Successful According To Research

Jocko Willink is a podcaster, author, and retired United States Navy SEAL. He hosts the<a href="http://jockopodcast.com/"> </a>Jocko Podcast. 
Common life lessons:
<ul>
<li>Look at the positive in every situation</li>
<li>Take small steps to reach a bigger goal</li>
<li>Take full responsibility for your life</li>
</ul>

Universal life lessons

It’s good to consume podcasts or videos that educate you, but don’t spend all your time-consuming information. Make time to produce your own podcast, videos, etc.You have to make sure it’s not a deficit where all you’re doing is consuming and you’re not producing anythingYou don’t have to stay the same person your entire life: As a kid, Jocko was super rebellious and didn’t care much for school or learning. Now, he’s incredibly disciplined and spends a lot of his time reading and writing books.

Spend more time producing than consuming

Do things that will benefit and improve your life in the long run. The short-term gratification is not a long-term success and it’s not long-term happiness.Take ownership of your life: But how do you take ownership when something horrible happens to someone else, like your child getting cancer? Take ownership of how you respond to it.Just because you’ve adapted and moved on with your life, it doesn’t mean their loss didn’t matter or you forgot about them. It means you accepted the reality that they are no longer alive and they can continue to live in your memory

Don’t chase short-term highs. 

Don’t use age as an exercise not to learn or try something new: Jocko started a podcast in his 40s, he got into archery recently.As a leadership consultant, Jocko doesn’t just walk into a new business and tell them how they can run it better. He spends time asking questions and learning about their different problems. Only then does he give advice.If you want to become a better leader, be more humble. If you’re humble, you’ll listen to other people and take responsibility for things that went wrong instead of blaming other people.

Whenever trying something new, be humble and ready to learn

If I recognize that someone has no humility and is not going to listen, I’ll probably fire them pretty quickly

Every time when I talk to Jocko Willink, an American Retired Naval Office, Author, and Podcaster, I learn a million lessons from him. This time is no different! This time we talked about not having any excuses when you're trying to archive any goal, and also, his new book (extended version of the previous book) Discipline Equals Freedom: Field Manual Mk1-MOD1. No excuse and start listening now! Enjoy!  I write about all my podcasts! Check out the full post and learn what I learned at jamesaltucher.com/podcast. Thanks so much for listening! If you like this episode, please subscribe to “The James Altucher Show” and rate and review wherever you get your podcasts: Apple Podcasts Stitcher iHeart Radio Spotify   Follow me on Social Media: YouTube Twitter Facebook Linkedin

648 - NO EXCUSES with Jocko Willink

Learning is not as easy as owning a device, internet connection and a page full of articles and videos. Without a proper strategy, you may know isolated facts about everything, but it won't positively contribute to your future development. Understanding the seven mental models for learning can help to gain knowledge coherently.

Understanding mental models

We think we know much more than we really do. Warren Buffett and Charlie Munger developed the Circle of Competence. This mental model helps define what you know and what your limitations are. It enables you to avoid making decisions about subjects you don't fully understand.

Circle of Competence

The purpose of the thought experiment is to delve deeper into a given field to improve your knowledge, uncover what you don't know, and strengthen your understanding of the world. For example, a madman has tied 5 innocent people to a trolley track. An empty trolley car is fastly approaching the people. You can pull a lever and divert the trolley to another track, but there is 1 person tied to the other track. What would you do? The idea is to uncover what you actively think about the situation.

Thought experiment

This mental model explains that when we have two explanations for the same thing, we should prefer the simpler explanation. For example, when you're learning how to operate a complicated machine or reading a book in a field where you are a beginner, find the simpler explanation to absorb the material and start executing quickly.

Occam’s Razor

The availability heuristic states that we make decisions and form conclusions based on the most recent information we gathered. For example, if everybody starts investing in an "innovative" fund, you might do it yourself because of everything you've recently heard. But you may fail to ask critical questions and make proper calculations. This is also important as it shows that what you see is not everything that is available. The best-selling books are the most available, but there are also others that might be better and can teach us more.

Availability heuristic

Hindsight bias is when we see past events as being predictable. But that is because we now know what happened. When you give feedback to a person about something he did, you know the facts. That means how you frame your criticism can be distorted. You might have done the same thing if you were in his position at the time. When you create a change in your organisation that has a positive outcome, you may say you knew it all along. But in the long run, we start to think our predictions are perfect, and we may think we don't need to learn more.

Hindsight bias

Common knowledge tries to describe the things everyone knows. For example, knowledge about money, that our planet circles around the sun, that 1 + 1 = 2. However, common knowledge won't get you far in life. When you want to succeed in life, you want to stand out because you compete against thousands of others. Outlining the common knowledge in your field and learning extra things will help you to seem unique and desirable.

Common knowledge

The Feynman learning technique is not a mental model but a way to approach a subject to learn it faster and better. <ul><li>Pretend you're teaching a concept to a child. Write down in simple terms everything you know about the subject.</li><li>Identify the gaps. Go over what you've written down and see how you can improve it. What's missing or unclear.</li><li>Organise and simplify. Create a better way to explain the concept.</li><li>Transmit. Communicate your idea to someone to get feedback.</li></ul>

The Feynman learning technique

The mental models for learning are your weapons to help you understand more than the basics.

What better way to learn than to learn about learning? These mental models for learning will help you stay curious and progressing.

Bite-sized knowledge
to upgrade
your career

Kinsley
@kinn

The Five Stages of Learning and How to Apply Them to Any Skill

Why Microlearning is Better for Your Learners

How to get good at chess

How To Learn Anything, Anywhere - Elon Musk

mLearning: A guide to mobile learning strategies and trends

Bite-sized knowledgeto upgradeyour career

Kinsley @kinn

The Five Stages of Learning and How to Apply Them to Any Skill

Why Microlearning is Better for Your Learners

How to get good at chess

How To Learn Anything, Anywhere - Elon Musk

mLearning: A guide to mobile learning strategies and trends

Bite-sized knowledge
to upgrade
your career

Kinsley
@kinn