Business casual is the umbrella term for clothing intended to be more laid back and comfortable but still professional. Adhering to a dress code can show you're making an effort to abide by the company's culture and be part of a team. The problem is that business casual attire can be interpreted differently. If there aren't any clear rules written down regarding the dress code, stick to the common understanding of business casual.

Business Casual

Business casual attire should:<ul><li>Fit properly</li><li>Not reveal too much skin</li><li>Avoid loud patterns, except for those in artistic or creative industries</li><li>Always be in good condition without stains, wrinkles, holes, and worn patches</li></ul> Business casual for women:<ul><li>Slacks</li><li>Blouses and button-front shirts</li><li>Crewneck sweaters</li><li>Blazers</li><li>Dresses and skirts that hit around the knee</li></ul> Business casual for men:<ul><li>Button-front shirts</li><li>Chinos</li><li>Sweaters</li><li>Blazers</li></ul>

Examples of business casual clothes

<ul><li>Take a cue from the type of workplace you’re stepping into.</li><li>Consider what type of company it is. For example, a law or financial services firm might be more formal, while a marketing or tech startup may lean toward the business casual end.</li><li>Read the room. During your hiring and onboarding process, observe what others wear.</li></ul>

How to dress for your workplace

There are some types of clothing that even the most casual of dress codes probably won’t work.<ul><li>Yoga or gym clothes. The same goes for tracksuits and athleisure wear.</li><li>Tank tops are not appropriate for work unless worn under a jacket or sweater.</li><li>Graphic T-shirts. Leave the Motörhead, Star Wars, or sports team gear for the weekend.</li><li>Nightclub attire. If you wouldn’t wear it to brunch with grandma, then it’s probably not business casual.</li><li>Shorts.</li><li>Flip flops.</li></ul>

What is never considered business casual attire

Business casual can be interpreted differently, depending on a company or industry. Monster’s guide shows you how to dress for success no matter where you work.

career

Career

corporateculture

Corporate Culture

fashion

Fashion & Beauty

What Is Business Casual?

“In most of our decisions, we are not betting against another person. Rather, we are betting against all the future versions of ourselves that we are not choosing.”

“Improving decision quality is about increasing our chances of good outcomes, not guaranteeing them.”

“Thinking in bets starts with recognizing that there are exactly two things that determine how our lives turn out: the quality of our decisions and luck. Learning to recognize the difference between the two is what thinking in bets is all about.”

Resulting means judging the quality of a decision based on the quality of the result.Our tendency is to equate the quality of a decision with the quality of its outcome. The prevents us from accurately assessing the quality of our decisions and the role of luck in the outcomes we achieve.

Resulting

Life is not like chess. Chess contains no hidden information and very little luck.Life is more like poker. You could make the smartest, most careful decision and still have it blow up in your face.

Life is Poker, Not Chess

A bet is a decision about an uncertain future. Thus, most of the decisions in your life – switching jobs, choosing a partner, selecting your field of study, not doing something – are bets.They’re choices that you make in the face of an uncertain future.

All Decisions Are Bets

“What makes a decision great is not that it has a great outcome. A great decision is the result of a good process, and that process must include an attempt to accurately represent our own state of knowledge. That state of knowledge, in turn, is some variation of ‘I’m not sure.’”

This is how we think we form our beliefs:<ul><li>We hear something</li><li>We think about it and then determine whether if it is true or false</li><li>We form our belief</li></ul>This is how we actually form our beliefs:<ul><li>We hear something</li><li>We believe it to be true</li><li>Only sometime later, if we have the time or the inclination, we think about it and then determine whether it is true or false</li></ul>Our pre-existing beliefs influence the way we see the world and the way we make decisions.

How We Form Our Beliefs

People are better at recognizing biased reasoning in others but are blind to bias in themselves. <ul><li>Being smart can actually make bias worse. Blind-spot bias is worse the smarter you are.</li><li>Being smart and aware of your capacity for irrationality alone doesn’t help you refrain from biased reasoning.</li></ul>

Blind-Spot Bias

Even when people experience the same event at the same time, if you ask them about it, you will often get two very different accounts about what happened.That’s because the way we interpret the world is not only a function of the objective experience but includes how we see and choose to understand the world.

The Rashomon Effect

It is important to have a go-to group of people with a common interest in thinking in bets.The characteristics of a good group to practice truth-seeking with:<ul><li>A focus on accuracy (over confirmation), which includes rewarding truth-seeking, objectivity, and open-mindedness within the group</li><li>Accountability for which members have advance notice</li><li>Openness to a variety of ideas</li></ul>Once we are a part of a group that regularly reinforces exploratory thought, the routine becomes reflexive, running on its own.

Thinking In Bets: The Buddy System

<ul><li>Express uncertainty: If we start by making clear our uncertainty, our audience is more likely to understand that the discussion held does not always have to be about right or wrong but about openness to different perspectives.</li><li>Lead with assent: Everyone likes to be affirmed. Avoid the language of no. Use ‘and’ more than you use ‘but’ in an expression of possibly polarizing ideas</li><li>Ask for temporary agreement: Whenever one is offloading emotion to us, we can ask them if they are looking to vent or if they are looking for advice</li><li>Focus on the future,  rather than rehearsing what has happened.</li></ul>

How To Engage In Truth-Seeking

Scenario planning is a productive skill to develop in decision making because:<ul><li>It reminds us that the future is uncertain, giving a more realistic view of the world</li><li>It prepares us for how to respond to different outcomes that might respond from our initial decisions</li><li>Anticipating the range of outcomes keeps us from unproductivity regret</li><li>By mapping out potential outcomes & probabilities, we are less likely to fall prey to resulting or hindsight bias.</li></ul>

Scenario Planning 

Learn to evaluate life and business choices via the lens of Opportunity Costs

problemsolving

Problem Solving

business

Business

moneyandinvestments

Money & Investments

What Is Opportunity Cost

Wall Street Journal bestseller! Poker champion turned business consultant Annie Duke teaches you how to get comfortable with uncertainty and make better decisions as a result. In Super Bowl XLIX, Seahawks coach Pete Carroll made one of the most controversial calls in football history: With 26 seconds remaining, and trailing by four at the Patriots' one-yard line, he called for a pass instead of a hand off to his star running back. The pass was intercepted and the Seahawks lost. Critics called it the dumbest play in history. But was the call really that bad? Or did Carroll actually make a great move that was ruined by bad luck? Even the best decision doesn't yield the best outcome every time. There's always an element of luck that you can't control, and there is always information that is hidden from view. So the key to long-term success (and avoiding worrying yourself to death) is to think in bets: How sure am I? What are the possible ways things could turn out? What decision has the highest odds of success? Did I land in the unlucky 10% on the strategy that works 90% of the time? Or is my success attributable to dumb luck rather than great decision making? Annie Duke, a former World Series of Poker champion turned business consultant, draws on examples from business, sports, politics, and (of course) poker to share tools anyone can use to embrace uncertainty and make better decisions. For most people, it's difficult to say "I'm not sure" in a world that values and, even, rewards the appearance of certainty. But professional poker players are comfortable with the fact that great decisions don't always lead to great outcomes and bad decisions don't always lead to bad outcomes. By shifting your thinking from a need for certainty to a goal of accurately assessing what you know and what you don't, you'll be less vulnerable to reactive emotions, knee-jerk biases, and destructive habits in your decision making. You'll become more confident, calm, compassionate and successful in the long run.

Understand yourself and those around you.

psychology

Psychology

books

Books

leadershipandmanagement

Leadership & Management

A Wall Street Journal bestseller, now in paperback. Poker champion turned decision strategist Annie Duke teaches you how to get comfortable with uncertainty and make better decisions. Even the best decision doesn't yield the best outcome every time. There's always an element of luck that you can't control, and there's always information hidden from view. So the key to long-term success (and avoiding worrying yourself to death) is to think in bets: How sure am I? What are the possible ways things could turn out? What decision has the highest odds of success? Did I land in the unlucky 10% on the strategy that works 90% of the time? Or is my success attributable to dumb luck rather than great decision making? Annie Duke, a former World Series of Poker champion turned consultant, draws on examples from business, sports, politics, and (of course) poker to share tools anyone can use to embrace uncertainty and make better decisions. For most people, it's difficult to say "I'm not sure" in a world that values and, even, rewards the appearance of certainty. But professional poker players are comfortable with the fact that great decisions don't always lead to great outcomes, and bad decisions don't always lead to bad outcomes. By shifting your thinking from a need for certainty to a goal of accurately assessing what you know and what you don't, you'll be less vulnerable to reactive emotions, knee-jerk biases, and destructive habits in your decision making. You'll become more confident, calm, compassionate, and successful in the long run.

Annie is the co-founder of The Alliance for Decision Education, a non-profit whose mission is to improve lives by empowering students through decision skills education. She is also a member of the National Board of After-School All-Stars and the Board of Directors of the Franklin Institute. In 2020, she joined the board of the Renew Democracy Initiative.

Annie Duke

Thinking in Bets

What you need to maneuver through a world of uncertainty is a sense of optimism—an attitude characterized by hope and confidence in a positive future.Optimistic attitudes are linked to a number of benefits, including better coping skills, lower stress and anxiety levels, better physical health, healthier relationships, and higher motivation and resilience when pursuing your goals.

A sense of optimism

Don't confuse optimism with the toxic positivity of modern-day society. <ul><li>Positivity is saying that things are good even when they're not. Truth is, toxic positivity is delusional and destructive because it blinds you from the reality of what is.</li><li>Optimism is about being hopeful about the future, even when the present seems woefully negative. It’s about working through your negative emotions—instead of ignoring them—to better understand what they’re trying to tell you.</li></ul>

Optimism ≠ toxic positivity 

An optimist is someone who consciously chooses to adopt an attitude that he or she can make the best of any given situation, no matter how tragic the situation is.

What it means to be an optimist

“Life inflicts the same setbacks and tragedies on the optimist as on the pessimist, but the optimist weathers them better. The basis of optimism does not lie in positive phrases or images of victory, but in the way you think about causes.”

It’s a philosophy in how we interpret the events that happen in our everyday life. It’s an attitude in how we carry ourselves forward.

Optimism is both a philosophy and an attitude

People usually confuse optimism with positivity. Sure, they intersect, but 
they’re not the same. Optimism is simply choosing to believe that the 
future can still be beautiful and then willfully working today to manifest 
that future. It helps deal with uncertainty. In this article, we answer 
three questions: Why you're a born optimist, what is optimism, and how to 
become more of an optimist.

What is Optimism, and Why You're a Born Optimist

Men's:<ol><li>William Renshaw - 7 singles, 5 doubles</li><li>Laurence Doherty - 5 singles, 7 doubles</li><li>Reginald Doherty - 4 singles, 7 doubles</li><li>John McEnroe - 3 singles, 5 doubles</li><li>Roger Federer - 8 singles</li><li>Pete Sampras - 7 singles</li><li>Rod Laver - 4 singles, 1 doubles, 2 mixed doubles</li></ol>Women's:<ol><li>Billie Jean King - 6 singles, 10 doubles, 4 mixed doubles</li><li>Martina Navratilova - 9 singles, 7 doubles, 4 mixed doubles</li><li>Elizabeth Ryan - 12 doubles, 7 mixed doubles</li><li>Suzanne Lenglen - 6 singles, 6 doubles, 3 mixed doubles</li><li>Serena Williams - 7 singles, 6 doubles, 1 mixed doubles</li></ol>

Men and Women with The Most Titles

<ul><li>The Championships is one of the oldest sporting events in the world, it was first held in 1877.</li><li>The first match was played on the ground situated near Worple Road.</li><li>The tournament was played at the All England Law Tennis and Croquet Club.</li><li>The first tournament had only one event which was the gentlemen's singles. From 1877 to 1922, Wimbledon title defenders only had to participate in the finals.</li><li>There are 6,000 staff members that make the Championships run smoothly.</li><li>An approximate of 61,700 pounds of strawberries and more than 10,000 liters of fresh cream are consumed during the tournament.</li></ul>

Fun Facts About The Championships

The youngest female player ever to win Wimbledon was Charlotte Dod, aged 15. She won the singles crown for a total of five times 1887-88 and 1891 and 93.While for the youngest boy to win Wimbledon, it took about a century for it to happen. In 1985, Becker, aged 17, was the first German and the first unseeded player to win.

The Youngest Players

Rod Laver is the only player to have won twice the four Grand Slam titles in one year.In 1959, Laver was the runner-up in the singles and the doubles and he also won the mixed doubles. He won the single titles in the four years in a row that he could play. He won in 1961 and 62, but got barred because he turned pro, but then he was allowed back at the beginning of the Open Era in 1968, and won another single in 1969.

Laver The Great

<ul><li>The shortest person to play Wimbledon was Cynthia Gem Hoahing at 4'9". She beat Gussy Moran who was a whopping 6 foot.</li><li>The dress code calls for players to wear predominantly white and women are not allowed to wear tops that show too much cleaveg on court.</li><li>Maria Sharapova is the record holder for the court's loudest grunts at 101.2 decibels.</li><li>The ladies' singles and men's doubles events were added 1884, while the ladies' doubles and mixed doubles were added in 1913.</li></ul>

Fun Facts about Women's Championship

<ul><li>The longest match in competitive tennis history lasted for 11 hours and 5 minutes over a span of three days. This match was between John Isner and Nicolas Mahut, but Isner triumphed the set, 70-68.</li><li>The Isner-Mahut match required 183 games, including 138 in the final set. There is a plaque that commemorates this event.</li><li>The Duke of York also played as a competitor in men's doubles in 1926 with Sir Louis Greg but they were beaten by Arthur Gore and Herbert Barrett.</li><li>On most mornings of the tournament, they release 2 hawks, Rufus and Pollux, to scare off pigeons.</li></ul>

Other Fun Wimbledon Facts

The Wimbledon tennis championships start July 2nd. Here’s the trivia! The Championships, as the multi competitions tournament is formally known, is one of the oldest sporting events in the world, first held in 1877. Tickets cost just one English shilling, equivalent to about 10 U.S. cents at the time.

history

History

personaldevelopment

Personal Development

sports

Sports

THINGS YOU DIDN’T KNOW ABOUT WIMBLEDON | WONDERLUST

In the 30s and the 40s, Disney movies had artists and animators manually working on sketches and colouring. Drawings were redrawn with every changing movement, with originally created colours mixed and put on the animated characters, creating authentic effects.
Some movies, like Sleeping Beauty, required nearly a million drawings, followed by a tedious colouring process.

Making Disney Movies: A Manual and Tedious Process

In 101 Dalmatians, Disney’s animation department pioneered the Xerox technology developed in the 1940s, completely changing the animation process and reducing the manual labour work consisting of hours of tedious redrawing by animators.
Xeroxing copied the drawings on transparent celluloid sheets, instead of having the artists redraw them thousands of times.

101 Dalmatians: 1961 Animated Movie

<ul>
<li>Xeroxing mechanised the tracing process, leading to some deterioration from the movies made manually. The outlines were harsher, and it was met with a mixed response initially, before getting fine-tuned.</li>
<li>Artists felt that with each manual tracing, the drawing loses some of its life, and xeroxing retains the firmness of the art.</li>
<li>The Movie 101 Dalmatians could be really hard to make without xeroxing, as animating a hundred puppies manually would have taken forever!</li>
</ul>

The First Mechanisation Of Art

Sixty years ago, the company modernized animation when it used Xerox technology on the classic film

movies

Movies & Shows

product

Product & Design

How 'One Hundred and One Dalmatians' Saved Disney

Nefertiti is a most recognised figure from ancient Egypt thanks to the 1912 discovery of her remarkable bust.
<ul>
<li>She was the wife of pharaoh Akhenaten and was possibly a first cousin of the king.</li>
<li>During her period as Akhenaten's wife, she was depicted smiting Egypt's enemies, something unique to her.</li>
<li>Nefertiti survived her husband as a fully-fledged female pharaoh.</li>
</ul>

Facts about Nefertiti, the wife of pharaoh Akhenaten

<ul>
<li>Sobekneferu, the daughter of King Amenemhet III, became the first female pharaoh of the 12th Egyptian Dynasty as he did not have any sons.</li>
<li>In the 18th Dynasty, a woman called Hatshepsut was the regent for the young King Thutmose III. Seven years into his reign, she promoted herself to female pharaoh and ruled alongside him.</li>
<li>Some centuries after Nefertiti, a lady called Tausret carries on ruling as a female pharaoh when the young king suddenly dies.</li>
</ul>

Evidence of female pharaohs

There is a theory that Nefertiti was Tutankhamun's mother and that they ruled together, but she was a female pharaoh on her own before Tutankhamun came into his own.
If Nefertiti was the Younger Lady found in tomb KV35, then she died a horrible death. It appears she received a heavy blow to the face, smashing many bones that possibly resulted in a massive loss of blood. Death would have occurred quickly.

Nefertiti's reign and death

Most people around the world are familiar with the Egyptian queen Nefertiti thanks to the discovery of her remarkable bust in 1912. But how much do you know about the wife of King Amenhotep IV, a pharaoh also known as Akhenaten? Rachel Dinning talks to Egyptologist Aidan Dodson about some of the theories surrounding Nefertiti’s life, death and achievements – including the key question: was she a pharaoh?

artsandculture

Society, Arts & Culture

Your guide to Egypt’s sun queen Nefertiti

"By the ’80s, he [Prince Philip] had written nine books. He was the first person in the royal family to use television. He did a television documentary. He persuaded the Queen in 1957 to televise her annual Christmas message. And he even taught her how to use a teleprompter. He was the first member of the royal family to use a computer … He picked up the phone, but also wrote all his own emails. He wrote his speeches. He was a man of searching intellect, great curiosity."

Born on the Greek island of Corfu in June 1921, Philip was the great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria and nephew of Constantine I of Greece, whose 1922 abdication forced the young infant and his family to flee their home country. Philip spent stretches of time in France, England and Germany, and was notably scarred by tragedies, including the institutionalization of his mother and death of his beloved older sister in a plane crash.

Prince Philip's Start In Life

<ul>
<li>Philip and Elizabeth first met in 1934, when he was 13 and she was 8. </li>
<li>Five years later, the pair crossed paths again: As Elizabeth’s cousin recalled in her autobiography, the princess “was truly in love from the very beginning.” </li>
<li>The couple wed in 1947, embarking on a 74-year partnership that would cement Philip’s status as the United Kingdom’s longest-serving royal consort.</li>
</ul>

Meeting The Future Queen

<ul>
<li>A commission chaired by Prince Philip proposed broadcasting the 1953 investiture ceremony that formally named Elizabeth II as queen on live television. </li>
<li>Even if Prime Minister Winston Churchill expressed clear disapproval, the queen came around to the idea, allowing the broadcast of all but one segment of the coronation. </li>
<li>More than 20 million people tuned in to the televised ceremony.</li>
</ul>

Broadcasting The Coronation Of The Queen

The years after the coronation of Queen Elisabeth II the royals continued to embrace television as a way of connecting with the British people: 
<ul>
<li>In 1957, the queen delivered her annual Christmas address during a live broadcast. </li>
<li>Four years later, in 1961, Philip became the first family member to sit for a television interview. </li>
<li>Toward the end of the decade, the Windsors even invited cameras into their home, offering the BBC the opportunity to film a behind-the-scenes documentary.</li>
</ul>
Much of this push for transparency can be traced back to Prince Philip, whose unconventional upbringing inspired him to modernize the monarchy.

Television As A Way Of Connecting With The People

<ul>
<li>The BBC began filming its “Royal Family” documentary in June 1968. Philip oversaw the process and sought to ensure the royals were presented in a humanizing light. </li>
<li>Though the documentary has strong viewership, Buckingham Palace decided to stop its broadcast without the queen’s permission, because it revealed the royals to be a pretty normal British upper-class family - the monarchy began to lose the aura of grandeur that distance conveyed.</li>
<li>Over the following decades, as the royal couple’s children navigated much-publicized divorces, this sense of demystification was exacerbated even more. </li>
<li>Prince Philip also faced criticism and continued to make headlines for his offensive comments, many of which played on racial stereotypes, and brought much unwanted attention to the royal family.</li>
</ul>

The Demystification Of The Royals

'Being married to the queen, it seemed to me, my first duty was to serve her in the best way I could.''

“He is someone who doesn’t take easily to compliments but he has, quite simply, been my strength and stay all these years, and I … owe him a debt greater than he would ever claim or we shall ever know.”

The U.K.'s longest-serving royal consort died Friday at age 99

How Prince Philip Modernized—and Fought to Preserve—the Monarchy

<ul><li>Label Your Emotions: There are times that you might feel different emotions. Pay attention to what's really going on inside you to help you take a lot of sting out of that emotion.</li><li>Reframe Your Thoughts: Emotions affect the way you perceive events. Reframing your thoughts helps you to develop a more realistic view.</li><li>Engage in a Mood Booster: Do not be drowned in negativeness, take a positive action if you want to feel better.</li></ul>

Gain Control Over Your Mood

Emotions are powerful and managing it is tough at times. But by gaining control over them makes you mentally stronger.You'll gain confidence in your ability to handle discomfort while also knowing that you can make healthy choices that shift your mood.

Mood Control = Positive Outlook

Have you ever said something out of anger that you later regretted? Do you let fear talk you out of taking the risks that could really benefit you? If so, you're not alone. Gaining control over your emotions will help you become mentally stronger. Fortunately, anyone can become better at regulating their emotions.

health

Health

mentalhealth

Mental Health

How to Control Your Emotions so Your Emotions Don't Control You

<ul>
<li>He was the first founder of the psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig which marked the official beginning of psychology as an independent science;</li>
<li>Has many beliefs and theories but was heavily misunderstood by some due to the language barrier. His student, Edward Bradford Titchener propagated many misconceptions about his works.</li>
</ul>

Wilhelm Wundt

<ul>
<li>He earned his medical degree at Harvard University back in 1869 but never practiced medicine;</li>
<li>He taught at Harvard in 1873 for physiology and was the first to offer the course "physiological psychology";</li>
<li>He is popularly known for his number of theories such as: theory of the self, the James-Lange theory of emotion, pragmatic theory of truth, and the two-stage model of free will;</li>
<li>Also contributed significantly to the philosophy of religion</li>
</ul>

William James

<ul>
<li>Recognized for his contributions in psychometrics;</li>
<li>His work was focused on the development of the field of educational psychology - this is the branch that focuses on studying how people take in knowledge in order to further develop educational materials and approaches for teaching;</li>
<li>He is also known for his puzzle box experiments with animals.</li>
</ul>

Edward Thorndike

<ul>
<li>He is well-known as the "father of psychoanalytic theory";</li>
<li>He has contributed tremendously to psychoanalysis in the late 1890s because of his deep-rooted fascination to the study of the mind;</li>
<li>Due to the increasing number of his following in the early 1900s, it resulted to the meeting of the first International Psychoanalytic Congress in 1908.</li>
</ul>

Sigmund Freud

<ul>
<li>Burrhus Frederic Skinner is known for his work on operant conditioning - it is a form of behavior modification that helps elaborate and alter certain behaviors.</li>
<li>He is also famously known for his experimentation using a condition chamber or commonly known as the "Skinner Box". The Skinner Box led to the formation of theories about ideal reward reinforcement schedules.</li>
</ul>

B.F. Skinner

<ul>
<li>Widely known for her research about the self;</li>
<li>She understood the importance of self-psychology and that it should be a part of scientific research;</li>
<li>Despite her contribution to Harvard, the university did not confer degrees to women during that time;</li>
<li>She has published four books and more than 100 articles in psychology and philosophy;</li>
<li>She was also elected president of the APA and she also established her own psychology lab in the United States.</li>
</ul>

Mary Whiton Calkins

<ul>
<li>He was a French psychologist who partially contributed to the formation of IQ test - the objective measurement for intelligence;</li>
<li>He studied physiology after getting his law degree in 1878, then worked at a neurological clinic in Paris in 1880s, then pursued a long term career in research and became a director of the Sorbonne; and</li>
<li>Has published over 200 books and articles on diverse subject matters;</li>
</ul>

Alfred Binet

<ul>
<li>In contrast to what people think, Pavlov was a Russian physiologist who quit priesthood to pursue science;</li>
<li>Famously known for his theory of classical conditioning - where an external stimuli can have direct influence in a behavioral response;</li>
<li>He won a Nobel prize for his work.</li>
</ul>

Ivan Pavlov

<ul>
<li>He studied the behavior of monkeys in a laboratory environment at the University of Wisconsin-Madison;</li>
<li>His researched proved his hypothesis that "human infants needed similar contact from their mothers" correct when baby monkeys showed that they needed more than mere sustenance to thrive. They needed contact comfort.</li>
<li>His contribution continues to be an influential breakthrough in parenting styles up to date.</li>
</ul>

Harry Harlow

The profession of psychology dates back nearly 150 years. Throughout that time, many psychologists and other professionals have made significant contributions

9 Pioneers Who Helped Mold the History of Psychology

Before the Apollo mission research, there were three theories about how the Moon formed.
<ol>
<li>Capture theory suggests that the Moon was a wandering body that was captured by Earth's gravity as it passed nearby.</li>
<li>Accretion theory suggests that the Moon was created along with Earth at its formation.</li>
<li>The fission scenario proposes that the Earth spun so fast that some material broke away and began to orbit the planet.</li>
</ol>
Today, the giant-impact theory is widely accepted. It proposes that Earth and a small planet collided. The debris from this impact collected in orbit around Earth to form the Moon.

Theories on how the Moon formed

The Apollo mission brought back rock and soil from the Moon. It showed that the Earth and Moon share chemical and isotopic similarities, suggesting a linked history.
The minerals on the Moon contain less water than similar terrestrial rocks. The Moon has material that forms quickly at a high temperature.

Apollo mission evidence

The giant-impact model suggests that, in the Earth's early history, the proto-Earth and Theia (a Mars-sized planet) collided and reformed as one body. A small part of the new mass spun off to become the Moon.
Some suggest that early Earth and Theia came from the same neighbourhood as the solar system was forming and were made of similar materials.

Earth's greatest spinoff

If you look at the lunar surface, it seems pale grey with dark splodges.
The pale grey is a rock named anorthosite. It forms as molten rock cools down. The dark areas are another rock type called basalt. Basalt is the most common surface on all inner planets in our solar system and can be found on the ocean floor.

Lunar landscapes

Museum planetary science researcher Prof Sara Russell explains the origins of Earth's closest companion.

What Is Business Casual?

Thinking in Bets

What is Optimism, and Why You're a Born Optimist

THINGS YOU DIDN’T KNOW ABOUT WIMBLEDON | WONDERLUST

How 'One Hundred and One Dalmatians' Saved Disney

Layla G