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Hashing
Hashing is a process of converting any data (text, image, file, etc.) into a fixed-size string of characters, often represented as a number or code. This string is called a hash value or digest.
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Key characteristics of hashing
One-way function: A hash cannot be reversed to obtain the original data.
Fixed-size output: Regardless of the input size, the hash is always the same length.
Deterministic: The same input always produces the same hash.
Avalanche effect: Even a small change in the input data results in a drastically different hash.
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How It Works
Imagine you have a document. A hashing algorithm takes this document and processes it through a complex mathematical function. The output is a unique hash value, a string of characters.
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Password Storage
Instead of storing plain text passwords, websites store hashed versions. If a hacker gets access to the database, they only have the hash, not the actual password.
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Data Integrity
Hashing is used to verify data hasn't been altered. For example, downloading a file and then hashing it can confirm if the downloaded file is identical to the original.
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Blockchain technology
Hashing is fundamental to blockchain, where each block contains a hash of the previous block, creating a chain of blocks.
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Digital Signature
Hashing is used to create digital signatures, ensuring data authenticity and integrity.
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