With the rapid advancement in bioscience and technology, it is likely that most ailments will be cured in the future and our life span would increase considerably.

With increased lifespans, there are new challenges that would need to be overcome. One could plan ahead and accomplish tasks that would take decades or centuries, unlike our current mindset of relatively short-term goals. An extended period of existence would make us wiser and afraid of taking risks.

As the human life span increases to span centuries, the planetary environment, along with the collaboration and cooperation among nations would come to the forefront, as hostile people and chronic pollution are extremely dangerous in the long run.

While our survival would still not be a guarantee, there will be a new challenge of overpopulation, which could be moderated by sending people into space to colonize other places, and by limiting the birth rate.