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What is rocket science?
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The Science Of Rocket Science
Newton’s Third Law Of Motion, which states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction is the heart of rocket science.
The basics of rocket science are not that complicated, only involving getting the moving force that overcomes the pull of gravity, in a calculated and controlled manner.
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Rockets: Escape Velocity
The thrust required for an object to overcome Earth’s gravity and atmospheric resistance and move towards space is called escape velocity. Besides Earth, the gravitational forces that can affect the object are those coming from the sun, moon and even other planets.
Apart from space vehicles and the military, rockets are used in life-saving rescue flares and fireworks, and even the ejector seats in military planes.
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History Of Rockets
- One of the earliest devices that used rocket propulsion was called the aeolipile, designed in the 1st century AD by Heron of Alexandria, and used steam to spin a metal ball.
- Early prototypes of rockets were produced for firework displays in China in the 13th century, with the real, metal versions coming in the 19th century, used in Navy ships as an upgraded version of cannon.
- Early rockets use flammable substances like gunpowder that propel it using the thrust of exhaust gases.
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War Games With Rocket Tech
- Inspired by the German V-2 rocket weapon in World War II, many new rocket models were made by Russia and the U.S., as military technology was sought after in the arms race that followed.
- Many American rockets were initially intercontinental ballistic missiles.
- Liquified hydrogen is the preferred substance in modern rockets and those which have to work without air use oxidizers to help with the required oxygen in the system.
- Some newer rockets are electric and use charged ions as thrusters by creating an electric field.
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Arrival And Departure For Rockets
Many rockets have multiple ‘shell’s that fall off during escape velocity and is due to the empty fuel containers that are discarded to save on mass, after their fuel has been utilized.
Landing back on earth is trickier than landing on surfaces with no atmosphere or less gravity, and rockets use air resistance, wings and parachutes to slow down the reentry fall.
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NASA - planetary science
At the beginning of this year, NASA scientists had to decide which missions should explore our Solar System. They chose four missions for further study from the 20 intriguing ideas submitted. From ...
Emerging technologies for space exploration
Two emerging technologies may propel NASA and the rest of the world into an era of faster, low-cost exploration that would lead to more exploration and democratise access to the Solar System.
- A new generation of companies is developing new rockets for small satellites. Rocket Lab has a lunar program for its small Electron rocket, and Virgin Orbit with a group of Polish universities is to launch up to three missions to Mars with its LauncherOne vehicle.
- At the same time, various components of satellites are being miniaturised.
- Tiny satellites are no longer theoretical. Two years ago, a pair of CubeSats, called MarCO-A and MarCO-B, launched with the InSight mission. The briefcase-sized satellites deployed their own solar arrays and journeyed to Mars.
Small sats in deep space
NASA had several goals with MarCO. The MarCOs proved that small satellites could thrive in deep space and stream data back home.
A few months after their mission ended, the European Space Agency announced that it would send two CubeSats on its "Hera" mission to a binary system.
Asteroids
- Asteroids are rocks which revolve around the sun. They are usually too small to be considered as a planet since they can be as small as 2 meters but they can be as big as 94...
The formation of asteroids
Asteroids are what's left after the formation of our solar system from billions of years ago.
It is believed that the reason why they were formed were because of the birth of Jupiter. Its birth hindered any planetary bodies to form in the space between Mars and Jupiter, which resulted to the small objects that were present to crash onto each other and fragment themselves.
The two theories that back this up are the Nice model and the Grand Tack.
Categorizing asteroids
The different types of asteroids are:
- Main belt asteroids - Lies in between Mars and Jupiter; holds more than 200 asteroids
- Trojan asteroids - found outside the main belt; usually orbits larger planets
- Near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) - circles close to earth; there are three types of NEAs, Apollo, Aten, and Atira
- The C-type - carbonaceous asteroids
- The S-type - silicaceous asteroids
- The M-type - metallic asteroids
- The V-type - has a basaltic and volcanic crust
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The International Space Station
The ISS is a multi-nation super satellite, the largest single construct in space, made between 1998 and 2011.
As of 2018, 230 astronauts and 18 countries have visited the Internat...
ISS Journey Around Earth
The International Space Center circles the globe every 90 minutes at a speed of 17,500 mph. It flies at an altitude of 248 miles above Earth.
It holds a crew of three to six people, and for a long time, used the Russian Soyuz spacecraft as a way to transport astronauts. SpaceX has sent 2 more astronauts in May 2020, using their Special Dragon Spacecraft, courtesy Elon Musk.
Activities of ISS
Astronauts mainly perform experiments and do maintenance at the ISS. They also do some personal care and exercise, reach out to Earth to conduct some media or school events, and occasionally perform spacewalks. They also use a bit of Twitter.
Human health research, especially eye problems are a major activity. Biological activities, animal tests and testing of appliances in space is also done.