Meteors, or shooting stars, are pieces of space rock burning up in the atmosphere as gravity pulls them towards the earth. Most meteors are created from icy comets which undergo sublimation due to the sun, turning from ice to gas.
The ice evaporates and forms a stream of debris, slamming into our atmosphere and creating a spectacular display of meteor showers in the night sky.

Meteors

An annual meteor shower happens when our planet comes into a debris stream of a comet. Some major meteor showers like Lyrids and Geminids deliver 20 to 70 meteors per hour in a sporadic manner.
Meteor showers are best seen from the Northern or the Southern hemisphere, or more practically, from a remote village.

Meteor Showers

<figure><img alt="Meteor Showers 101" src="https://i.natgeofe.com/n/63a4c97b-acc9-46d1-9f07-2fa6f9027e1f/00000151-8e31-d1bf-ab51-8f773f0e0002.jpg?w=636&amp;h=358" width="738" height="415"></figure>Meteor Showers 101<div aria-live="polite">Meteor showers bring interplanetary debris, ranging from pebbles to boulders, into Earth's atmosphere, causing dazzling displays of shooting stars. Find out how they come about.</div><div aria-label="By Victoria Jaggard" dir="ltr">ByVictoria Jaggard</div><div>Published February 7, 2019</div><div dir="ltr">• 4 min read</div>When you wish upon a falling star, you're actually offering your hopes and dreams to a small piece of space rock burning up as it plummets through Earth's atmosphere. Known as meteors, these brilliant streaks of light have entranced humans for centuries, especially when they arrive in bursts of blazing glory during <a href="https://www.amsmeteors.org/meteor-showers/major-meteor-showers/" dir="ltr">sky shows called meteor showers</a>.Scientists have known since the mid-1800s that almost all meteor showers are born from icy comets. When one of these visitors from deep space enters the inner part of the solar system, heat from the sun causes ices on the comet's surface to change from ice to gas, a process called sublimation. This is what produces a <a href="https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/04/skywatching-four-green-comets-space-science/" dir="ltr">comet's beautiful tail</a>. As the ices vaporize, the comet releases dust, sand grain-size particles, and even a few boulder-sized chunks of stone that get left behind in its wake. With each orbit, that process creates a stream of debris along the comet's path that persists long after the dirty iceball has headed back out to the edges of the solar system.In some cases, Earth crosses through the debris streams during its trip around the sun. As the planet plows through the cometary leftovers, rocky bits slam into our atmosphere and burn up, creating a spectacular display in the night sky. And we are not alone; meteor showers also happen on Mars, although the red planet sees different displays based on the cometary paths it crosses.<img alt="A meteor from the annual Perseid meteor shower shoots by the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager Radio Telescope near Cambridge, England." src="https://i.natgeofe.com/n/50bcb2b9-3310-4323-a4c2-1bb4e03cf0cf/01-reference-meteorh7fnab.jpg?w=636&amp;h=424" width="636" height="424"><img alt="In this multiple exposure image, a Perseid meteor leaves a green streak in the skies over Yurihonjo in Akita, Japan." src="https://i.natgeofe.com/n/1f732811-69e9-4154-9b63-b9938511f0bb/02-reference-meteor-gettyimages-1016873448.jpg?w=636&amp;h=439" width="614" height="424"><img alt="A meteor streaks over a Joshua tree on August 13, 2018, near Death Valley in California during the annual Perseid meteor shower." src="https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b9117979-337a-47f9-bf62-eaddf2881b48/03-reference-meteor-gettyimages-1016176106.jpg?w=636&amp;h=425" width="635" height="424"><img alt="The Perseid meteor shower puts on a fine show over the 65th parallel in Nunavik, Canada." src="https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4ab813c5-8f66-4ce4-b517-9922f468b969/04-meteor-img_8194-2.jpg?w=636&amp;h=424" width="636" height="424"><img alt="A Perseid meteor crosses the night sky over a stork sitting on its nest in the village of Yatskovichy in Russia on August 13, 2018." src="https://i.natgeofe.com/n/e5d9ff04-fb0f-40a4-84ba-1b2a22bcdf30/05-reference-meteor-gettyimages-1015964412.jpg?w=636&amp;h=423" width="636" height="423"><img alt="Falling meteors cut through the whirling trails of stars in a long-exposure photo of the 2012 Perseid meteor shower seen from Estonia." src="https://i.natgeofe.com/n/cb8af20d-16ec-4682-8cb3-bd0d5e64e4cb/06_reference_meteor-120813_9595-684a.jpg?w=636&amp;h=424" width="636" height="424"><div>A meteor from the annual Perseid meteor shower shoots by the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager Radio Telescope near Cambridge, England.</div><div aria-live="polite">A meteor from the annual Perseid meteor shower shoots by the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager Radio Telescope near Cambridge, England.</div><div>Photograph by Nigel Blake, Alamy</div><h2>Outbursts and fireballs</h2>A few meteors may fall on any given night, but the best time to watch for them is during the peak of an annual meteor shower. This is when Earth crosses through a particularly dense part of a comet's debris stream, an event that happens at predictable times each year.Seen from Earth's surface, the meteors in annual showers appear to radiate from particular points in the night sky. Most showers are therefore named after the constellation from which they seem to fall. For instance, the prolific <a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/news-perseid-meteor-lawrence-christianity" dir="ltr">Perseid meteor shower</a> that happens every August is named for its origin in the area of the constellation Perseus, the mythical hero.Each major meteor shower has different peak rates at which its shooting stars fall. Some, like the <a href="https://www.amsmeteors.org/2018/04/viewing-the-lyrid-meteor-shower-in-2018/" dir="ltr">Lyrids in April</a>, see rates of about 15 to 20 meteors an hour. Others, like the <a href="https://www.amsmeteors.org/2018/12/viewing-the-geminid-meteor-shower-in-2018/" dir="ltr">Geminids in December</a>, deliver as many as 60 to 70 meteors an hour.But comet debris streams are not entirely uniform, and some normally weak showers are known for producing occasional outbursts of up to a thousand meteors an hour, while others will punctuate the sky show with bright fireballs. The different annual showers also see meteors fall at different speeds, which can affect how long the streaks last in the sky.Unfortunately, <a href="https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/10/101007-science-space-meteor-shower-draconids-outburst/" dir="ltr">astronomers can't predict</a> when a given meteor shower will produce especially dazzling displays with much accuracy. And some of the major meteor showers are best seen from either the Southern or Northern hemisphere, depending on their associated constellation. To offer a more controlled experience, one company in Japan has proposed a way to create <a href="https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/06/artificial-meteor-showers-japan-satellite-space-science/" dir="ltr">artificial meteor showers</a> using satellites and specially designed “meteors” made of chemical-filled pellets.The best way to experience a natural meteor shower is to head into darker rural areas, <a href="https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/08/130811-light-pollution-sky-space-science-perseids-meteor-stars-sky-night/" dir="ltr">away from light pollution</a>, and wait for the shower's radiant constellation to rise high in the sky. Allow your eyes to adjust to the dark, and then watch out for the ephemeral bursts of light.

Find out what causes shooting stars and how famous showers get their names.

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Science & Nature

Meteor Showers 101

When you wish upon a falling star, you're actually offering your hopes and dreams to a small piece of space rock burning up as it plummets through Earth's atmosphere. Known as meteors, these brilliant streaks of light have entranced humans for centuries, especially when they arrive in bursts of blazing glory during <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.amsmeteors.org/meteor-showers/major-meteor-showers/">sky shows called meteor showers </a>.

Scientists have known since the mid-1800s that almost all meteor showers are born from icy comets. When one of these visitors from deep space enters the inner part of the solar system, heat from the sun causes ices on the comet's surface to change from ice to gas, a process called sublimation. This is what produces a <a dir="ltr" href="https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/04/skywatching-four-green-comets-space-science/">comet's beautiful tail </a>.

As the ices vaporize, the comet releases dust, sand grain-size particles, and even a few boulder-sized chunks of stone that get left behind in its wake. With each orbit, that process creates a stream of debris along the comet's path that persists long after the dirty iceball has headed back out to the edges of the solar system.

In some cases, Earth crosses through the debris streams during its trip around the sun. As the planet plows through the cometary leftovers, rocky bits slam into our atmosphere and burn up, creating a spectacular display in the night sky. And we are not alone; meteor showers also happen on Mars, although the red planet sees different displays based on the cometary paths it crosses.

A few meteors may fall on any given night, but the best time to watch for them is during the peak of an annual meteor shower. This is when Earth crosses through a particularly dense part of a comet's debris stream, an event that happens at predictable times each year.

Seen from Earth's surface, the meteors in annual showers appear to radiate from particular points in the night sky. Most showers are therefore named after the constellation from which they seem to fall. For instance, the prolific <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/news-perseid-meteor-lawrence-christianity">Perseid meteor shower </a>that happens every August is named for its origin in the area of the constellation Perseus, the mythical hero.

Each major meteor shower has different peak rates at which its shooting stars fall. Some, like the <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.amsmeteors.org/2018/04/viewing-the-lyrid-meteor-shower-in-2018/">Lyrids in April </a>, see rates of about 15 to 20 meteors an hour. Others, like the <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.amsmeteors.org/2018/12/viewing-the-geminid-meteor-shower-in-2018/">Geminids in December </a>, deliver as many as 60 to 70 meteors an hour.

But comet debris streams are not entirely uniform, and some normally weak showers are known for producing occasional outbursts of up to a thousand meteors an hour, while others will punctuate the sky show with bright fireballs. The different annual showers also see meteors fall at different speeds, which can affect how long the streaks last in the sky.

Unfortunately, <a dir="ltr" href="https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/10/101007-science-space-meteor-shower-draconids-outburst/">astronomers can't predict </a>when a given meteor shower will produce especially dazzling displays with much accuracy. And some of the major meteor showers are best seen from either the Southern or Northern hemisphere, depending on their associated constellation. To offer a more controlled experience, one company in Japan has proposed a way to create <a dir="ltr" href="https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/06/artificial-meteor-showers-japan-satellite-space-science/">artificial meteor showers </a>using satellites and specially designed “meteors” made of chemical-filled pellets.

The best way to experience a natural meteor shower is to head into darker rural areas, <a dir="ltr" href="https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/08/130811-light-pollution-sky-space-science-perseids-meteor-stars-sky-night/">away from light pollution </a>, and wait for the shower's radiant constellation to rise high in the sky. Allow your eyes to adjust to the dark, and then watch out for the ephemeral bursts of light.

Meteor showers, facts and information

Meteors

Meteor Showers

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