Erythropoiesis - Process - Regulation - TeachMePhysiology
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Blood- RBC production
Haematopoeisis describes the production of cells that circulate in the bloodstream. Specifically, erythropoiesis is the process by which red blood cells (erythrocytes) are produced.
On average, the body produces an astounding 2.5 billion red cells/kg/day.
The site of erythropoiesis changes throughout life-
1) In the very early foetus, it occurs in the yolk sac .
2) From 2 – 5 months’ gestation it occurs in the liver andspleen .
3) In the bone marrow from about 5 months’ gestation.
- In children- bone marrow of most bones.
- In adults- bone marrow of vertebrae, ribs, sternum, sacrum, pelvis, prox femur
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Stages of Erythropoiesis (Simplified)
The production of all blood cells begins with the haemocytoblast , a multipotent haematopoietic stem cell.
Some differentiate to common myeloid progenitor cells, which produce erythrocytes, mast cells, megakaryocytes and myeloblasts.
Process of common myeloid progenitor cells to mature RBC -
- normoblasts (aka eryhthroblasts), normally present in bone marrow. -Further classified into= a) Early Normoblast b) Intermediate Normoblast c) Late Normoblast
- reticulocytes (normoblast lose organelles, nucleus) =immature RBC
- erythrocytes (reticulocyte lose rest of the organelles) =mature RBC (survive 120 days)
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