<ol><li><strong>Spleen</strong></li><li><strong>Stomach</strong></li><li><strong>Reproductive Organs </strong>{<span>These structures are paired and people can still have children with only one functioning}</span></li><li><strong>Colon</strong></li><li><strong>Gall  </strong> <strong>Bladder</strong></li><li><strong>Appendix</strong></li><li><strong>Kidney</strong> {Most<span> people have two kidneys, but you can survive with just one – or even none (with the aid of dialysis).}</span></li><li><strong>Lungs</strong> {It<span> is possible to live and function without one lung. Having one lung will still allow a person to live a relatively normal life."Many Risks Involved"}</span></li></ol>

Eight body organs you can live without!!🤖 

<header dir="ltr">
    <time datetime="2017-10-06T12:07:14Z" itemprop="datePublished" content="2017-10-06T12:07:14Z" dir="ltr">October 6, 2017 8.07am EDT</time>
  </header><h3>Disclosure statement</h3><p><span>Adam Taylor is affiliated with the Anatomical Society. </span></p><div>We believe in the free flow of information</div><h6>Republish our articles for free, online or in print, under a Creative Commons license.</h6><div><button tabindex="0" type="button"><span>Republish this article</span></button></div><figure><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/188981/original/file-20171005-9767-cuvhjn.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=926&amp;fit=clip" width="724" height="507"><figcaption dir="ltr">
      
      <span class="attribution" dir="ltr"><a class="source" href="https://www.shutterstock.com/download/confirm/524547064?src=7BzLJVYQ1VRz-PBIWK19zA-1-7&amp;size=medium_jpg" dir="ltr">Komsan Loonprom/Shutterstock</a></span>
    </figcaption></figure><p dir="ltr">The human body is incredibly resilient. When you donate a pint of blood, you lose about 3.5 trillion red blood cells, but your body quickly replaces them. You can even lose large chunks of vital organs and live. For example, people can live relatively normal lives with just <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/strange-but-true-when-half-brain-better-than-whole/" dir="ltr">half a brain</a>). Other organs can be removed in their entirety without having too much impact on your life. Here are some of the “non-vital organs”.</p><h2>Spleen</h2><p dir="ltr">This organ sits on the left side of the abdomen, towards the back under the ribs. It is most commonly removed as a result of <a href="http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/splenectomy/basics/definition/prc-20014837" dir="ltr">injury</a>. Because it sits close the ribs, it is vulnerable to abdominal trauma. It is enclosed by a tissue paper-like capsule, which easily tears, allowing blood to leak from the damaged spleen. If not diagnosed and treated, it will result in death. </p><p dir="ltr">When you look inside the spleen, it has two notable colours. A dark red colour and small pockets of white. These link to the <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25827019" dir="ltr">functions</a>. The red is involved in storing and recycling red blood cells, while the white is linked to storage of white cells and platelets. </p><p dir="ltr">You can comfortably live without a spleen. This is because the <a href="https://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v22/n8/abs/nm.4146.html" dir="ltr">liver</a> plays a role in recycling red blood cells and their components. Similarly, other <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3912742/" dir="ltr">lymphoid</a>  tissues in the body help with the immune function of the spleen.</p><h2>Stomach</h2><p dir="ltr">The stomach performs four main functions: mechanical digestion by contracting to smash up food, chemical digestion by releasing acid to help chemically break up food, and then absorption and secretion. The stomach is sometimes surgically removed as a result of cancer or <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23299691" dir="ltr">trauma</a>. In 2012, a British woman had to have her stomach removed after ingesting a cocktail that contained <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/sep/17/oscars-wine-bar-lancaster-gaby-scanlon-stomach-liquid-nitrogen" dir="ltr">liquid nitrogen</a>. </p><p>When the stomach is removed, surgeons attach the oesophagus (gullet) directly to the small intestines. With a good recovery, people can eat a normal diet alongside vitamin supplements.</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/188997/original/file-20171005-9802-1xtnxvj.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/188997/original/file-20171005-9802-1xtnxvj.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=398&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/188997/original/file-20171005-9802-1xtnxvj.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=398&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/188997/original/file-20171005-9802-1xtnxvj.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=398&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/188997/original/file-20171005-9802-1xtnxvj.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=501&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/188997/original/file-20171005-9802-1xtnxvj.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=501&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/188997/original/file-20171005-9802-1xtnxvj.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=501&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w" width="600" height="398"><figcaption dir="ltr">
              <span class="caption" dir="ltr">Just say no.</span>
              <span class="attribution" dir="ltr"><a class="source" href="https://www.shutterstock.com/download/confirm/481346812?src=129ytwDJbwcoCKIBWkm-Hg-1-0&amp;size=medium_jpg" dir="ltr">Nazar Skladanyi/Shutterstock</a></span>
            </figcaption></figure><h2>Reproductive organs</h2><p>The primary reproductive organs in the male and female are the testes and ovaries, respectively. These structures are paired and people can still have children with only one functioning. </p><p dir="ltr">The removal of one or both are usually the result of cancer, or in males, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28181114" dir="ltr">trauma</a>, often as a result of <a href="http://www.thesaurus.com/" dir="ltr">violence, sports or road traffic accidents</a>. In females, the uterus (womb) may also be removed. This procedure (hysterectomy) stops women from having children and also halts the menstrual cycle in pre-menopausal women. Research suggests that women who have their ovaries removed do not have a reduced life <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0015028211026707?via%3Dihub" dir="ltr">expectancy</a>. Interestingly, in some male populations, removal of both testicles may lead to an increase in life <a href="http://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(12)00712-9" dir="ltr">expectancy</a>.</p><h2>Colon</h2><p dir="ltr">The colon (or large intestine) is a tube that is about six-feet in length and has four named parts: ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid. The primary functions are to resorb <a href="http://gut.bmj.com/content/43/2/294" dir="ltr">water</a> and prepare faeces by compacting it together. The presence of cancer or other diseases can result in the need to remove some or all of the colon. Most people <a href="http://www.macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/bowel-cancer/colon/treating/surgery/surgery-explained/bowel-function-after-surgery.html#10376" dir="ltr">recover</a> well after this surgery, although they notice a change in bowel habits. A diet of soft foods is initially recommended to aid the healing process.</p><h2>Gallbladder</h2><p>The gallbladder sits under the liver on the upper-right side of the abdomen, just under the ribs. It stores something called bile. Bile is constantly produced by the liver to help break down fats, but when not needed in digestion, it is stored in the gallbladder. </p><figure><img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/189172/original/file-20171006-25779-1xhjb78.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=237&amp;fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/189172/original/file-20171006-25779-1xhjb78.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=858&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/189172/original/file-20171006-25779-1xhjb78.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=858&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/189172/original/file-20171006-25779-1xhjb78.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=858&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/189172/original/file-20171006-25779-1xhjb78.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1079&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/189172/original/file-20171006-25779-1xhjb78.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1079&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/189172/original/file-20171006-25779-1xhjb78.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1079&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w" width="237" height="339"><figcaption dir="ltr">
              <span class="caption" dir="ltr">Gallstones.</span>
              <span class="attribution" dir="ltr"><a class="source" href="https://www.shutterstock.com/download/confirm/402377269?src=nMNoBd-xTXOiy6me9B-njg-1-28&amp;size=medium_jpg" dir="ltr">Martin Charles Hatch/Shutterstock</a></span>
            </figcaption></figure><p dir="ltr">When the intestines detect fats, a hormone is released causing the gallbladder to contract, forcing bile into the intestines to help digest fat. However, excess cholesterol in bile can form gallstones, which can block the tiny pipes that move bile around. When this happens, people may need their gallbladder removed. The surgery is known as (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0025032/" dir="ltr">cholecystectomy</a>. Every year, about <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK262451/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK262451.pdf" dir="ltr">70,000</a> people have this procedure in the UK. </p><p dir="ltr">Many people have gallstones that don’t cause any symptoms, others are not so fortunate. In 2015, an Indian woman had <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/11/30/gall-stones-removed-woman_n_8680178.html" dir="ltr">12,000</a> gallstones removed – a world record. </p><h2>Appendix</h2><p dir="ltr">The appendix is a small blind-ended worm-like structure at the junction of the large and the small bowel. Initially thought to be vestigial, it is now believed to be involved in being a “<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17936308" dir="ltr">safe-house</a>” for the good bacteria of the bowel, enabling them to repopulate when needed. </p><p>Due to the blind-ended nature of the appendix, when intestinal contents enter it, it can be difficult for them to escape and so it becomes inflamed. This is called appendicitis. In severe cases, the appendix needs to be surgically removed.</p><p dir="ltr">A word of warning though: just because you’ve had your appendix out, doesn’t mean it can’t come back and cause you pain again. There are some cases where the stump of the appendix might not be fully removed, and this can become inflamed again, causing “<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183543/" dir="ltr">stumpitis</a>”. People who have had their appendix removed notice no difference to their life.</p><h2>Kidneys</h2><p>Most people have two kidneys, but you can survive with just one – or even  none (with the aid of dialysis). The role of the kidneys is to filter the blood to maintain water and electrolyte balance, as well as the acid-base balance. It does this by acting like a sieve, using a variety of processes to hold onto the useful things, such as proteins, cells and nutrients that the body needs. More importantly, it gets rid of many things we don’t need, letting them pass through the sieve to leave the kidneys as urine. </p><p dir="ltr">There are many reasons people have to have a kidney – or both kidneys – removed: <a href="https://patient.info/doctor/inherited-kidney-diseases" dir="ltr">inherited</a> conditions, damage from drugs and alcohol, or even infection. If a person has both kidneys fail, they are placed onto <a href="http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Dialysis/Pages/Introduction.aspx" dir="ltr">dialysis</a>. This comes in <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022165/" dir="ltr">two forms</a>: haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The first uses a machine containing dextrose solution to clean the blood, the other uses a special catheter inserted into the abdomen to allow dextrose solution to be passed in and out manually. Both methods draw waste out of the body. </p><p dir="ltr">If a person is placed on dialysis, their life expectancy depends on many things, including the type of dialysis, sex, other diseases the person may have and their age. Recent <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5203814/" dir="ltr">research</a> has shown someone placed on dialysis at age 20 can expect to live for 16-18 years, whereas someone in their 60s may only live for five years.</p>

health

Health

<p><span>Adam Taylor is affiliated with the Anatomical Society. </span> </p>

<p dir="ltr">The human body is incredibly resilient. When you donate a pint of blood, you lose about 3.5 trillion red blood cells, but your body quickly replaces them. You can even lose large chunks of vital organs and live. For example, people can live relatively normal lives with just <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/strange-but-true-when-half-brain-better-than-whole/">half a brain </a>). Other organs can be removed in their entirety without having too much impact on your life. Here are some of the “non-vital organs”. </p>

<p dir="ltr">This organ sits on the left side of the abdomen, towards the back under the ribs. It is most commonly removed as a result of <a dir="ltr" href="http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/splenectomy/basics/definition/prc-20014837">injury </a>. Because it sits close the ribs, it is vulnerable to abdominal trauma. It is enclosed by a tissue paper-like capsule, which easily tears, allowing blood to leak from the damaged spleen. If not diagnosed and treated, it will result in death. </p>

<p dir="ltr">When you look inside the spleen, it has two notable colours. A dark red colour and small pockets of white. These link to the <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25827019">functions </a>. The red is involved in storing and recycling red blood cells, while the white is linked to storage of white cells and platelets. </p>

<p dir="ltr">You can comfortably live without a spleen. This is because the <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v22/n8/abs/nm.4146.html">liver </a>plays a role in recycling red blood cells and their components. Similarly, other <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3912742/">lymphoid </a>tissues in the body help with the immune function of the spleen. </p>

<p dir="ltr">The stomach performs four main functions: mechanical digestion by contracting to smash up food, chemical digestion by releasing acid to help chemically break up food, and then absorption and secretion. The stomach is sometimes surgically removed as a result of cancer or <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23299691">trauma </a>. In 2012, a British woman had to have her stomach removed after ingesting a cocktail that contained <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/sep/17/oscars-wine-bar-lancaster-gaby-scanlon-stomach-liquid-nitrogen">liquid nitrogen </a>. </p>

<p>When the stomach is removed, surgeons attach the oesophagus (gullet) directly to the small intestines. With a good recovery, people can eat a normal diet alongside vitamin supplements. </p>

<p>The primary reproductive organs in the male and female are the testes and ovaries, respectively. These structures are paired and people can still have children with only one functioning. </p>

<p dir="ltr">The removal of one or both are usually the result of cancer, or in males, <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28181114">trauma </a>, often as a result of <a dir="ltr" href="http://www.thesaurus.com/">violence, sports or road traffic accidents </a>. In females, the uterus (womb) may also be removed. This procedure (hysterectomy) stops women from having children and also halts the menstrual cycle in pre-menopausal women. Research suggests that women who have their ovaries removed do not have a reduced life <a dir="ltr" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0015028211026707?via%3Dihub">expectancy </a>. Interestingly, in some male populations, removal of both testicles may lead to an increase in life <a dir="ltr" href="http://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(12)00712-9">expectancy </a>. </p>

<p dir="ltr">The colon (or large intestine) is a tube that is about six-feet in length and has four named parts: ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid. The primary functions are to resorb <a dir="ltr" href="http://gut.bmj.com/content/43/2/294">water </a>and prepare faeces by compacting it together. The presence of cancer or other diseases can result in the need to remove some or all of the colon. Most people <a dir="ltr" href="http://www.macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/bowel-cancer/colon/treating/surgery/surgery-explained/bowel-function-after-surgery.html#10376">recover </a>well after this surgery, although they notice a change in bowel habits. A diet of soft foods is initially recommended to aid the healing process. </p>

<p>The gallbladder sits under the liver on the upper-right side of the abdomen, just under the ribs. It stores something called bile. Bile is constantly produced by the liver to help break down fats, but when not needed in digestion, it is stored in the gallbladder. </p>

<p dir="ltr">When the intestines detect fats, a hormone is released causing the gallbladder to contract, forcing bile into the intestines to help digest fat. However, excess cholesterol in bile can form gallstones, which can block the tiny pipes that move bile around. When this happens, people may need their gallbladder removed. The surgery is known as (<a dir="ltr" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0025032/">cholecystectomy </a>. Every year, about <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK262451/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK262451.pdf">70,000 </a>people have this procedure in the UK. </p>

<p dir="ltr">Many people have gallstones that don’t cause any symptoms, others are not so fortunate. In 2015, an Indian woman had <a dir="ltr" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/11/30/gall-stones-removed-woman_n_8680178.html">12,000 </a>gallstones removed – a world record. </p>

<p dir="ltr">The appendix is a small blind-ended worm-like structure at the junction of the large and the small bowel. Initially thought to be vestigial, it is now believed to be involved in being a “<a dir="ltr" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17936308">safe-house </a>” for the good bacteria of the bowel, enabling them to repopulate when needed. </p>

<p>Due to the blind-ended nature of the appendix, when intestinal contents enter it, it can be difficult for them to escape and so it becomes inflamed. This is called appendicitis. In severe cases, the appendix needs to be surgically removed. </p>

<p dir="ltr">A word of warning though: just because you’ve had your appendix out, doesn’t mean it can’t come back and cause you pain again. There are some cases where the stump of the appendix might not be fully removed, and this can become inflamed again, causing “<a dir="ltr" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183543/">stumpitis </a>”. People who have had their appendix removed notice no difference to their life. </p>

<p>Most people have two kidneys, but you can survive with just one – or even none (with the aid of dialysis). The role of the kidneys is to filter the blood to maintain water and electrolyte balance, as well as the acid-base balance. It does this by acting like a sieve, using a variety of processes to hold onto the useful things, such as proteins, cells and nutrients that the body needs. More importantly, it gets rid of many things we don’t need, letting them pass through the sieve to leave the kidneys as urine. </p>

<p dir="ltr">There are many reasons people have to have a kidney – or both kidneys – removed: <a dir="ltr" href="https://patient.info/doctor/inherited-kidney-diseases">inherited </a>conditions, damage from drugs and alcohol, or even infection. If a person has both kidneys fail, they are placed onto <a dir="ltr" href="http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Dialysis/Pages/Introduction.aspx">dialysis </a>. This comes in <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022165/">two forms </a>: haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The first uses a machine containing dextrose solution to clean the blood, the other uses a special catheter inserted into the abdomen to allow dextrose solution to be passed in and out manually. Both methods draw waste out of the body. </p>

<p dir="ltr">If a person is placed on dialysis, their life expectancy depends on many things, including the type of dialysis, sex, other diseases the person may have and their age. Recent <a dir="ltr" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5203814/">research </a>has shown someone placed on dialysis at age 20 can expect to live for 16-18 years, whereas someone in their 60s may only live for five years. </p>

Seven body organs you can live without

Eight body organs you can live without!!🤖

Atharva Joshi's ideas are part of this journey:

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