Spacesuit Basics

The flexible parts of the suit are made from 16 layers of material that performs different functions.

• The cooling garment makes up the first three layers.
• The bladder layer is filled with gas to create proper body pressure and holds the oxygen for breathing.
• The next layer holds the bladder layer.
• The ripstop liner is a tear-resistant layer.
• The subsequent layers act as insulation.
• The outer layer reflects heat from the sunlight and is made of a fabric that blends three kinds of threads: One provides water resistance, one is made from bullet-proof vest material, the last is fire resistant.

• Life support system. The backpack on the back of the spacesuit contains oxygen that astronauts breathe and that pressurizes the suit, a regulator to keep the correct pressure, a fan that circulates oxygen, electricity for the suit, a two-way radio, water for the cooling garment, and a pump that circulates the chilled water.
• Communications system. New suits include an audio system inside the helmet.
• Helmet. It serves as a pressure bubble and ventilation system and has a small foam block to scratch the nose. A protective visor on the outside works like sunglasses.