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Leonardo da Vinci's creative process
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Development of civil law and international law
- Civil law (jus civile) developed during the Roman republic (753-31 BCE). The law was based on custom or legislation and applied only to Roman citizens. Foreigners had no rights unless they were protected by some treaty between their state and Rome.
- By the mid 3rd century BCE, international law (jus gentium) was formed by the Romans and applied to themselves and foreigners. This law was developed by the magistrates and governors who were responsible for administering justice where foreigners were involved.
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Various types of written Roman law
- The first consisted of leges or enactments of one of the assemblies of the whole Roman people.
- The dicta (edicts) or proclamations were issued by a superior magistrate (praetor) on judicial matters.
- The senat...
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Roman law - the basis for law codes of most countries
Roman law of ancient Rome has affected the development of law in most Western civilisation and parts of the East.
It is the foundation for law codes of most countries of continental Europe (civil law) and derivative systems elsewhere.
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Written law and unwritten law
The Romans divided their law into written and unwritten law.
- Written law (jus scriptum) means laws gathered from legislation and laws based on a written source.
- Unwritten law (jus non scriptum) means custom.
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Invention Of Roads And How Rome Developed Them Further
- The first roads were invented in the Bronze Age in 4000 BCE, created by the older Indus Valley Civilization. This was the first time that straight, 90 degree intersecting roads were seen.
- The Roman civilization created advanced road systems that encouraged travel and connection, fo...
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