It is one response to an authoritarian parenting style. Having a harsh, controlling father keeps children from developing the ability to regulate themselves.

Procrastination represents a profound problem of self-regulation. 

There may be more of it in the U.S. than in other countries because we are so nice; we don't call people on their excuses ("my grandmother died last week") even when we don't believe them.

• Health. Just over the course of a single academic term, procrastinating college students had such evidence of compromised immune systems as more colds and flu, more gastrointestinal problems. And they had insomnia. 
• Procrastination has a high cost to others as well a...

Procrastinators actively look for distractions, particularly ones that don't take a lot of commitment on their part. 

Checking e-mail is almost perfect for this purpose. They distract themselves as a way of regulating their emotions such as

• Arousal types, or thrill-seekers, who wait until the last minute for the euphoric rush.
• Avoiders, who may be avoiding the fear of failure or even fear of success; they would rather have others think they lack effort than ability.
• Decisional procrastinators

Procrastinators are not different in their ability to estimate time, although they are more optimistic than others.

Telling someone who procrastinates to buy a weekly planner is like telling someone with chronic depression to just cheer up.

Procrastinators can change their behavior. It doesn't necessarily mean one feels transformed internally. It can be done with highly structured cognitive-behavioral therapy.

It is a manifestation of generalized problems in self-regulation. That is over and above the effect of avoidant coping styles that underlie procrastination and lead to disengagement via substance abuse.