Abraham Lincoln is most celebrated for his role in keeping the nation together during the Civil War and signing the Emancipation Proclamation, which helped to end slavery in the United States.

His leadership exemplified determination and is a reminder that great leaders must remain persistent, even when others do not believe in their vision.

“In order to cultivate a set of leaders with legitimacy in the eyes of the citizenry, it is necessary that the path to leadership be visibly open to talented and qualified individuals of every race and ethnicity.”

Sandra Day O’Connor

In the case of information, reading several articles and sources on the same topic can create a lot of clutter. Because it creates internal struggles and questions:

• What sort of information is important?
• This post said this is important while another post said it wasn’t important. What information is relevant here?
• What information should I internalize and apply?

... for organizing information:

• Location: put the most relevant stuff to be within reach.
• Alphabet: for organizing lists of people and statistics, dictionaries, and official documents.
• Time: used when providing step by step instructions or when things have to be in chronological order.
• Category: organize information by similarity or relatedness.
• Hierarchy: organizing information that is used collectively to compare things.

• Most pills are a combination of vitamins and minerals, along with omega-3 fatty acids.
• Scientific studies show the natural forms (like fish in case of omega-3 fatty acids) contain the real benefits, and popping supplements do not have the same effect.
• Vitamin E supplements can help to a limited extent but high doses can increase the risk of a hemorrhagic stroke.
• Vitamin B supplements are only to be used if one’s normal diet is not enough for them, or in case of a deficiency.
• Taking time to do some exercise and having a plant-based diet is a better long term health solution.

They are generally well regulated by the body, but there are a few diet and lifestyle changes you can make to boost your levels naturally:

• Eat lots of protein
• Eat less saturated fat
• Consume probiotics
• Exercise often
• Get enough sleep
• Listen to music
• Meditate
• Get enough sunlight

In the US, supplements are regulated like food — and not drugs — under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994, pill makers can basically put whatever claims they want on their bottles.

One analysis of supplement websites found 81 percent made at least one health claim — and more than half of those promised to treat, prevent, diagnose, or cure specific diseases. But a quick thought exercise will tell you that if these pills were truly panaceas, the FDA would have to treat them like drugs, not foods.

Back when undernutrition and vitamin deficiencies were widespread, supplements made some sense. But now one of the more urgent health problems is obesity and overnutrition while a growing body of studies shows that supplements’ effects are minimal or negative. 

Remember that you can’t know for sure what's really in your supplement bottle. And that the pills probably won't make you any healthier (unless you have a medically diagnosed deficiency). And they might even be hurting you.

Avoid stuff that comes wrapped in plastic. Foods that undergo ultra-processing tend to see much of their nutritional bounty stripped from them. Also, ultra-processed foods are much higher in energy density than foods made from fresh, whole ingredients.

A healthy diet is one rich in vegetables, whole grains, fish, and leaner meats with regular but not excessive consumption of fruits, nuts, and healthy oils.

Social connections are associated with reduced levels of the stress hormone cortisol, improved sleep quality, reduced risk of heart disease and stroke, slowed cognitive decline, lessened systemic inflammation, and improved immune function.

Plant-based protein sources are not the same as animal protein sources. Proteins are made up of amino acids which are the building blocks of every cell and hormone in our body. Meat protein contains all nine essential amino acids, whereas plant-based protein usually lacks at least one of the nine essential amino acids our body needs.

Unripe jackfruit makes a convincing choice for pulled pork alternatives, curries and burgers. But it is almost valueless if you needed protein since jackfruit consists of carbohydrates. Vegan burgers are made up of beans, but this is not a complete protein source.

One study found that 25% of vegans (mainly women) had very low blood iron levels, compared to 0% of omnivores.

Plants like whole grains, legumes and spinach are high in iron but is not always the best type. Animal sources contain haem iron. Non-haem iron, found in plants, is not as well absorbed by the body.

1. Nutrigenomics focuses on how the food you eat interacts with your genes and how different nutrients affect how you feel, think, and behave.
2. DIY biology: Biohackers with education and experience in scientific fields share tips and techniques to help non-experts conduct structured experiments on themselves.
3. Grinder: Grinders seek to become “cyborgs” by optimizing their bodies with a combination of gadgets, chemical injections, implants etc.

• Some forms of biohacking may be safe. For example, taking certain supplements or making changes to your diet can be safe. Even some body mods, like RFID implants, may be safe when overseen by a medical professional.
• Some biohacking methodologies border on the unsafe or even illegal. DIY bio and grinder sometimes center around experiments that aren’t considered safe or ethical in research facilities.

• Scientists have been experimenting with administering of Collagen to treat arthritis, or joint pain, with mixed results. Supplementing the body with oral collagen doesn't work to reverse arthritis, but surgically inserting collagen into the joints shows promise.
• Collagen is successfully used to treat wounds, promote healing and prevent infection for more than 2000 years.
• Collagen supplements that claim to improve skin, heart and bone health, while boosting muscle mass, should be treated with skepticism until further research and studies are conducted on their benefits.