Cipolla imagined the four types along a graph, like this:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_M._Cipolla#/media/File%3ACipolla-matrix.svg
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In 1976, Carlo M. Cipolla, professor of economic history at the University of California, Berkeley published an essay outlining the fundamental laws of a force he perceived as humanity’s greatest existential threat: Stupidity. We (still) grossly underestimate the stupid, and we do so at our own peril.
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Similar ideas to The 4 Phenotypes Graph
To make things seem bigger than what they are, marketers can use these methods / tools
A graph maker may choose a small range of a larger graph to highlight a little difference or association and make it look more significant.
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This law also introduces three other phenotypes that Cipolla says co-exist alongside stupidity.
First there is the intelligent person, whose actions benefit both himself and others.
Then there is the bandit, who benefits himself at others’ expense.
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